Postprandial inflammatory responses after oral glucose, lipid and protein challenges: Influence of obesity, sex and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background & Aims: Most evidence linking the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with chronic low-grade inflammation has been obtained in the fasting state. We have studied the postprandial inflammatory response to oral glucose, lipid and protein challenges and the possible influences of obesity, sex and PCOS on these responses.

Methods: On alternate days, we submitted 17 women with PCOS (9 non-obese, 8 obese), 17 control women (9 non-obese, 8 obese) and 19 control men (10 non-obese, 9 obese) to isocaloric (300 Kcal) oral macronutrient loads.

Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in young adults: Obesity increases fasting levels only in men whereas glucose ingestion, and not protein or lipid intake, increases postprandial concentrations regardless of sex and obesity.

Scope: Oxidative stress and damage participate in the pathophysiology of obesity and its metabolic complications. We studied the influence of sex, obesity, and ingestion of different macronutrients on fasting and postprandial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which can be considered as an index of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage.

Methods And Results: We studied 19 men and 17 women, out of whom nine men and eight women had obesity.

Serum Bioavailable Vitamin D Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density in Women After Obesity Surgery.

Introduction: Low bone mass after obesity surgery may arise as a consequence of chronic malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D. However, we have not found any role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D or of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene in previous studies.

Purpose: To investigate the circulating bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D in women after bariatric procedures and its association with bone mass.

Effects of glucose ingestion on circulating inflammatory mediators: Influence of sex and weight excess.

Background & Aims: Low-grade chronic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, little is known about the influence of sex and sex hormones on surrogate inflammatory markers and mediators, particularly after glucose ingestion.

Design: Observational study.

A nontargeted study of muscle proteome in severely obese women with androgen excess compared with severely obese men and nonhyperandrogenic women.

Objective: Androgen excess in women is frequently associated with muscle insulin resistance, especially in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, whether this is a primary event or the result of indirect mechanisms is currently debated.

Design: This is an observational study.

Identification of reduced circulating haptoglobin concentration as a biomarker of the severity of pulmonary embolism: a nontargeted proteomic study.

Risk stratification of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) may identify patients at high risk of early death who may benefit from more intensive surveillance or aggressive therapy. Nontargeted proteomics may identify biomarkers useful for the risk stratification of patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE). We studied 6 patients presenting with low-risk PE and 6 patients presenting with intermediate (n = 3) or high-risk (n = 3) PE.

Sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue function as evidenced by circulating adipokine concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose challenge.

Study Question: Do the circulating levels of a panel of adipokines involved in glucose metabolism exhibit sexual dimorphism in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load?

Summary Answer: Our results indicate sexual dimorphism in the circulating concentrations of adipokines involved in intermediate metabolism in the fasting state and during an oral glucose load. This finding suggests an influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue function.

What Is Known Already: Sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution fully develops after puberty and modulates the risk for cardiometabolic disorders.

Proteomic and metabolomic approaches to the study of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a complex multifactorial disorder resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences. Nontargeted proteomics and metabolomics have been used in the past years with the aim of identifying molecules potentially involved in the pathophysiology of this frequent disorder. The biomolecules identified so far participate in many metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism (glucose and lipid metabolism), protein metabolic processes and protein folding, cytoskeleton structure, immune response, inflammation and iron metabolism, fibrinolysis and thrombosis, oxidative stress and intracellular calcium metabolism.

A nontargeted proteomic study of the influence of androgen excess on human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue proteomes.

Context: Sex hormones, particularly androgens, may influence not only adipose tissue distribution but also its functions.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate if sexual dimorphism in body composition is accompanied by differences in the protein abundance of adipose tissue by applying a nontargeted proteomic approach.

Design: This was a case-control study.

Evidence for masculinization of adipokine gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Context: Sex hormones, particularly androgens, may influence not only adipose tissue distribution but also its functions.

Objective: We explored the possibility of sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle function.

Design: This was a case-control study.

A nontargeted proteomic approach to the study of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in human obesity.

Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) differ in biochemical and metabolic properties, especially when obesity is present. We submitted paired SAT and VAT samples from six morbidly obese patients and six non-obese persons to two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared with non-obese subjects, obese patients presented with increased carboxylesterase-1, zinc finger protein 324A, annexin A5, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, α-crystallin B chain, osteoglycin, retinal dehydrogenase-1 and 14-3-3 protein γ, and decreased transferrin, complement C3, fibrinogen γ chain, albumin, α1-antitrypsin and peroxiredoxin-6, irrespective of the adipose tissue depot studied.

Impact of the storage temperature on human plasma proteomic analysis: implications for the use of human plasma collections in research.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of storage temperature on the 2D-DIGE profile of human plasma.

Experimental Design: 2D-DIGE and MS were used to identify the differences in the proteomic profiles of aliquots of eight human plasma samples stored at either - 30 or - 80°C for 18 months.

Results: After the depletion of albumin and IgG, 2D-DIGE identified four spots significantly and reproducibly increased, and five spots that were decreased, in samples stored at - 30°C compared with those stored at - 80°C.

Environmental monitoring of Domingo Rubio stream (Huelva Estuary, SW Spain) by combining conventional biomarkers and proteomic analysis in Carcinus maenas.

Element load, conventional biomarkers and altered protein expression profiles were studied in Carcinus maenas crabs, to assess contamination of "Domingo Rubio" stream, an aquatic ecosystem that receives pyritic metals, industrial contaminants, and pesticides. Lower antioxidative activities - glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, catalase - were found in parallel to higher levels of damaged biomolecules - malondialdehyde, oxidized glutathione -, due to oxidative lesions promoted by contaminants, as the increased levels of essential - Zn, Cu, Co - and nonessential - Cr, Ni, Cd - elements. Utility of Proteomics to assess environmental quality was confirmed, especially after considering the six proteins identified by de novo sequencing through capLC-muESI-ITMS/MS and homology search on databases.

Proteomics in free-living Mus spretus to monitor terrestrial ecosystems.

We evaluated the suitability of high-throughput proteomic methods to monitor terrestrial ecosystems. Free-living Mus spretus from three sites along the "Domingo Rubio" (DR) stream were compared with mice from Doñana Biological Reserve ("Santa Olalla" lagoon (SOL) negative control), using specimens from an industrial settlement (phosphogypsum stacks (PS)) and rice fields ("Matochal" rice fields (ARZ)) as positive controls. Our 2-DE analysis showed 36 spots with significantly altered expression.