Immunophenotypic and molecular profile of cancer stem-cell markers in ex vivo canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT).

Several studies have attempted to characterise the origin of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). However, the participation of cancer stem cells (CSC) has not been reported OBJECTIVES: Herein we describe the expression patterns of CSC markers CD44, CD34, CD90 and CD133 in CTVT METHODS: Thirty-eight samples were selected and assessed through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-two tumours were classified as plasmacytoid and 16 as mixed. Almost all tumours showed high CD44 and low CD34 levels.

Assessment of TSPAN Expression Profile and Their Role in the VSCC Prognosis.

The role and prognostic value of tetraspanins (TSPANs) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) remain poorly understood. We sought to primarily determine, at both the molecular and tissue level, the expression profile of the TSPANs CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD82 in archived VSCC samples ( = 117) and further investigate their clinical relevance as prognostic markers. Our studies led us to identify CD63 as the most highly expressed TSPAN, at the gene and protein levels.

Single nucleotide variants in immune-response genes and the tumor microenvironment composition predict progression of mantle cell lymphoma.

Background: There is evidence to consider that the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition associates with antitumor immune response, and may predict the outcome of various non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. However, in the case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare and aggressive disease, there is lacking a detailed study of the TME components, as well as an integrative approach among them in patients' samples. Also, from the genetic point of view, it is known that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in immune-response genes are among important regulators of immunity.

An integrative microenvironment approach for follicular lymphoma: roles of inflammatory cell subsets and immune-response polymorphisms on disease clinical course.

The study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in follicular lymphoma (FL) has produced conflicting results due to assessment of limited TME subpopulations, and because of heterogeneous treatments among different cohorts. Also, important genetic determinants of immune response, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), remain underexplored in this disease. We performed a detailed study of the TME in 169 FL biopsies using immunohistochemistry, encompassing lymphocytes, macrophages, and cytokines.

Prognostic phenotypic classification for canine mammary tumors.

Mammary neoplasms are a heterogeneous form of disease, and in order to determine its course and biological features with more accuracy, investigations based on tumor phenotypes are required. The aim of the present study was to propose and validate a phenotypic classification for canine mammary tumors and to assess any association between clinicopathological characteristics, survival and prognosis. For the immunohistochemistry analysis, the primary antibodies against estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu and E-cadherin were used.

Prostaglandin D2 expression is prognostic in high‑grade serous ovarian cancer.

To identify biomarkers that could predict response or lack of response to conventional chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis of high‑grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the present study compared large‑scale gene expression from patients with short or long disease‑free survival times, according to the last cycle of chemotherapy, and validated these findings using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and conventional immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Samples were selected for microarray evaluation, at the time of diagnosis, using the following criteria: Identical debulking primary surgery, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging, histological subtype and grade. These were divided into 2 groups, regarding the outcome after 2 years of follow-up.

The investigation of transcriptional repression mediated by ZEB2 in canine invasive micropapillary carcinoma in mammary gland.

The E-cadherin loss has frequently been associated with transcriptional repression mediated by transcription factors, such as the Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox-2 (ZEB2). Invasive micropapillary carcinomas (IMPCs) of the breast are aggressive neoplasms frequently related to lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival. In the canine mammary gland, IMPCs has just been reported and, based on its behavioral similarity with the human IMPCs, appears to be a good spontaneous model to this human entity.

Tissue Expression of Erythropoietin Predicts Survival Rates in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate immunohistochemical erythropoietin (EPO) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), its association with major clinicopathological variables and its prognostic impact.

Methods: A total of 220 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) surgically treated between 1989 and 2009 were evaluated in this multi-institutional study. All the cases were reviewed by a single pathologist and the immunohistochemical reactivity to EPO was analysed using tissue microarray.

Immunoexpression of claudins 4 and 7 among invasive breast carcinoma subtypes: A large diagnostic study using tissue microarray.

Molecular phenotyping and tissue microarray (TMA) studies have identified distinct invasive breast carcinoma subtypes: Luminal A, luminal B, enriched with overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and triple-negative, i.e., negative for HER-2, as well as for estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR, respectively) expression.

Downregulation of AGR2, p21, and cyclin D and alterations in p53 function were associated with tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Anterior gradient 2 protein belongs to a family of chaperone-like proteins, namely protein disulfide isomerase. Generally, AGR2 is highly expressed in mucus-secreting cells and endocrine organs, and in this study, we aimed to evaluate AGR2 and cell cycle molecules in epithelial ovarian cancer and its implications on prognosis. One hundred seventy-five patient's samples that were diagnosed with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma were selected.

Prognostic value of GRIM-19, NF-κB and IKK2 in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Aims: High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is an aggressive tumour, and most patients relapse after treatment, acquiring resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. One of the resistance mechanisms proposed is apoptosis evasion triggered by drug-related cytotoxic effect in the cell. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the protein expression of GRIM-19, NF-κB and IKK2, their association with chemotherapy response and to determine their prognostic values in HGSC.

Noncoding RNA Profiles in Tobacco- and Alcohol-Associated Diseases.

Tobacco and alcohol are the leading environmental risk factors in the development of human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and liver injury. Despite the copious amount of research on this topic, by 2030, 8.3 million deaths are projected to occur worldwide due to tobacco use.

Heterogeneous perivascular cell coverage affects breast cancer metastasis and response to chemotherapy.

Angiogenesis and co-optive vascular remodeling are prerequisites of solid tumor growth. Vascular heterogeneity, notably perivascular composition, may play a critical role in determining the rate of cancer progression. The contribution of vascular pericyte heterogeneity to cancer progression and therapy response is unknown.

Infections with multiple high-risk HPV types are associated with high-grade and persistent low-grade intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.

Background: Infections with multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) types (mHPV) in Papanicolaou tests have been reported but the histologic correlation and clinical meaning remains debatable.

Methods: The authors prospectively tested 37 HPV types using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and correlated the results to cytology and histology findings in 260 women evaluated from June 2009 to October 2011 and followed for up to 60 months.

Results: HPV was detected in 148 of 235 samples (63%) and high-risk HPV was detected in 132 samples (56%).

Epidermal growth factor receptor as an adverse survival predictor in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

Penile carcinoma (PC) is more frequent in underdeveloped countries, generally is diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are restricted, and thus is associated with high morbidity/mortality rates. Recent studies have demonstrated clinical benefits with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in patients with PC, although there is no test that provides accurate patient selection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of EGFR gene and protein status in tumor samples from patients with primary penile squamous cell carcinoma.

HER-2 and EGFR mRNA Expression and Its Relationship with Versican in Malignant Matrix-Producing Tumors of the Canine Mammary Gland.

Versican expression promotes tumor growth by destabilizing focal cell contacts, thus impeding cell adhesion and facilitating cell migration. It not only presents or recruits molecules to the cell surface, but also modulates gene expression levels and coordinates complex signal pathways. Previously, we suggested that the interaction between versican and human epidermal growth factor receptors may be directly associated with tumor aggressiveness.

MiR-223-5p works as an oncomiR in vulvar carcinoma by TP63 suppression.

MiR-223-5p has been previously mentioned to be associated with tumor metastasis in HPV negative vulvar carcinomas, such as in several other tumor types. In the present study, we hypothesized that this microRNA would be important in vulvar cancer carcinogenesis and progression. To investigate this, we artificially mimicked miR-223-5p expression in a cell line derived from lymph node metastasis of vulvar carcinoma (SW962) and performed in vitro assays.

Association between HER2 status in gastric cancer and clinicopathological features: a retrospective study using whole-tissue sections.

Background: Gastric cancer is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease and treatment options are sparse. Trastuzumab was recently approved for metastatic or locally advanced carcinomas arising in the stomach or in the gastroesophageal junction in patients with HER2-positive tumors. However, data on the frequency of HER2-positive cases among Brazilian patients are limited.

Xeroderma pigmentosum: low prevalence of germline XPA mutations in a Brazilian XP population.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by DNA repair defects that cause photophobia, sunlight-induced cancers, and neurodegeneration. Prevalence of germline mutations in the nucleotide excision repair gene XPA vary significantly in different populations. No Brazilian patients have been reported to carry a germline mutation in this gene.

Co-Expression of p16, Ki67 and COX-2 Is Associated with Basal Phenotype in High-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast.

We assessed the co-expression of cell cycle-related biomarkers in a series of 121 consecutive cases of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), pure or associated with invasive carcinoma, and their associations with the different immunoprofiles of DCIS. Cases were identified from the histopathology files of the Breast Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2003 to 2008. The expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2 overexpression, cytokeratin 5, epidermal growth factor receptor 1, cyclooxygenase-2, p16 and Ki67 were assessed.

Ebola: translational science considerations.

We are currently in the midst of the most aggressive and fulminating outbreak of Ebola-related disease, commonly referred to as "Ebola", ever recorded. In less than a year, the Ebola virus (EBOV, Zaire ebolavirus species) has infected over 10,000 people, indiscriminately of gender or age, with a fatality rate of about 50%. Whereas at its onset this Ebola outbreak was limited to three countries in West Africa (Guinea, where it was first reported in late March 2014, Liberia, where it has been most rampant in its capital city, Monrovia and other metropolitan cities, and Sierra Leone), cases were later reported in Nigeria, Mali and Senegal, as well as in Western Europe (i.

Pathologic and imunohistochemical characterization of tumoral inflammatory cell infiltrate in invasive penile squamous cell carcinomas: Fox-P3 expression is an independent predictor of recurrence.

Penile carcinomas (PeCa) are relatively rare, but devastating neoplasms, more frequent among people of underprivileged socioeconomic status. There is mounting evidence that immune cells may trigger various mechanisms that enhance tumor growth and metastasis, but no data on the peritumoral inflammation is available for PeCa. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the immunohistomorphology of tumoral inflammation in PeCa, and to correlate it with clinicopathological parameters, which could contribute to the prognostic evaluation.

Decreased expression of stem cell markers by simvastatin in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer.

Simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase widely used in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia-related diseases, has recently been associated to in vitro anticancer stem cell (CSC) actions. However, these effects have not been confirmed in vivo. To assess in vivo anti-CSC effects of simvastatin, female Sprague-Dawley rats with 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer and control animals were treated for 14 days with either simvastatin (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) or soybean oil (N = 60).

Mutational status of VHL gene and its clinical importance in renal clear cell carcinoma.

The most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma is the clear cell type (ccRCC), accounting for 75 % of cases. Inactivation of VHL gene is thought to be an early event in ccRCC carcinogenesis. Our intention was to assess whether VHL mutational status might provide useful predictive or prognostic information in patients with ccRCC.