Can herbicides of different mode of action cause injury symptoms in non-herbicide-tolerant young soybean due to simulated drift?

Accidental herbicide drift onto neighboring crops, such as soybeans, can seriously harm non-target plants, affecting their growth and productivity. This study examined the impact of simulated drift from ten different herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba, glyphosate, saflufenacil, oxyfluorfen, hexazinone, diuron, diquat, nicosulfuron, and isoxaflutole) on young soybean plants. These herbicides were applied at three simulated drift levels (1/4, 1/16, and 1/32) equivalent to recommended commercial doses, and the resulting symptoms were carefully evaluated.