Case-control study of Clostridioides difficile in a rural health care area.

Objective: To determine the risk and prognostic factors for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).

Patients And Methods: Prospective, case-control study with 61 cases and 64 controls, aged ≥2 years with diarrhoea, carried out in Castilla-La Mancha Health Care Area for 14 months. The diagnosis was made by immunochromatography technics (glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin A/B), confirming discordant cases by isothermal amplification.

Interhospital dissemination of KPC-3 producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae ST512. Detection by MALDI-TOF.

Introduction/objective: To describe an outbreak of KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) and determine the diagnostic efficacy of MALDI-TOF in its detection.

Methods: Retrospective study of the KPC-3-KPN isolated in 2 hospitals in Ciudad Real. The peak at 11,109kDa±15 was sought in the KPN spectra provided by MALDI-TOF.

Trend and seasonality of community-acquired Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance and its dynamic relationship with antimicrobial use assessed by ARIMA models.

Introduction: We studied the trend and seasonality of community-acquired Escherichia coli resistance and quantified its correlation with the previous use of certain antibiotics.

Methods: A time series study of resistant community-acquired E. coli isolates and their association with antibiotic use was conducted in a Primary Health Care Area from 2008 to 2012.

Nosocomial Candiduria in the Elderly: Microbiological Diagnosis.

Candiduria is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and long hospitalization, involving high costs for the healthcare system. The use of increasingly aggressive treatments has prolonged the lives of patients susceptible to candiduria, namely the immunosuppressed, the premature, and the elderly. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of nosocomial candiduria and the implicated species in hospitalized patients aged over 80 years old from three Spanish centers during 2012 and 2013.

Cost-effectiveness study of the microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis using geneXpert MTB/RIF.

Introduction/objective: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of a molecular biology technique for the diagnosis of tuberculosis compared to the classical diagnostic alternative.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to evaluate the theoretical implementation of a molecular biology method including two alternative techniques for early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, and resistance to rifampicin (alternative1: one determination in selected patients; alternative2: two determinations in all the patients). Both alternatives were compared with the usual procedure for microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (staining and microbiological culture), and was accomplished on 1,972 patients in the period in 2008-2012.

[Endogenous endophthalmitis: case report and brief review of a serious ocular disease].

Introduction: Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a prevalent but serious disease. Our aim was to describe cases of EE, with emphasis in the risk factors and the improvement of the prognosis.

Methods: A review of EE cases was done between 1996-2011 in a secondary care hospital in Spain.

[Economic impact of the introduction of a technique for early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in clinical samples in a Spanish hospital].

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide. Our objective was to estimate the economic and health care impact of the introduction of an early diagnosis tecnique of TB, the Xpert MTB/RIF® assay (Xpert).

Methods: The savings was estimated on the basis of reduction in the time of TB hospitalization at avoid the false-negative (FN) and false-positive (FP) TB cases diagnosed by auramine staining that could have been detected by Xpert between 2008-2012 in our hospital.