[Cost-Fffectiveness of Two Antiviral Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B in Peru: Entecavir and Tenofovir].

Objetives: To compare in terms of cost-effectiveness to entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF) in the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in public hospitals in Peru.

Materials And Methods: We structured a Markov model. We define effectiveness adjusted life years for quality (QALY).

Human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy in the prevention of anogenital warts: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:: To review evidence on the efficacy of HPV vaccines in the prevention of non-cancer lesions (anogenital warts [AGW], recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and oral papillomatosis).

Materials And Methods:: We conducted a systematic review of randomized trials. We performed random effect models and effects were reported as relative risks (RR) and their confidence intervals (95%CI) following both intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses.

[Use of evidence in heath policies and programs contributions of the instituto nacional de salud].

This article analyzes some examples about how the Ministry of Health of Peru has used evidence for policy and program formulation, implementation and evaluation. It describes the process by which health budget programs are based and strengthened with scientific evidence. Provides an overview about how the development of clinical guidelines methodology is facilitating the generation of high quality evidence based clinical guidelines.

[Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of two alternative human papillomavirus vaccines as prophylaxis against uterine cervical cancer].

Objectives.: To determine the cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical lesion screening versus screening alone for the prevention of uterine cervical cancer (UCC).

Materials And Methods.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in preventing pneumonia in Peruvian children.

Introduction: Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) has a high burden of morbimortality in children. Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is an effective preventive measure. After PCV 7-valent (PCV7) withdrawal, PCV 10-valent (PCV10) and PCV 13-valent (PCV13) are the alternatives in Peru.

[Introduction to the indirect meta-analyses].

Meta-analyses are studies that aim to compile all available information, grouping them according to an specific theme and evaluating it through methodological quality tools. When there are two specific comparisons of treatments based on randomized clinical trials, standard meta-analyses are the best option, but there are scenarios in which there is no available literature for those direct comparisons. In these cases, an alternative method to consider is indirect comparison or indirect meta-analyses.

[Introduction to traditional meta-analysis].

Currently there is a steady growth of scientific information in medicine which unable complete knowledge of all the articles published. Meta-analysis are studies that aim to compile all available information, grouping them according to a specific outcome, and evaluating it through methodological quality tools. Its main objective is to estimate a summary effect size after combining the individual results of each study selected under a sufficiently valid statistical analysis.

[Synthesis studies as the basis for economic evaluations in health: the need for their quality appraisal].

Synthesis studies (SS): systematic review and meta-analysis are the basis for developing Health Economic Evaluations (HEE). SS allow us to obtain parameters for estimating probabilities and effectiveness from the combination of the results of primary studies, and, as they include in their methodology the selection, evaluation, systematization and synthesis processes, they are considered the first level of hierarchy in scientific evidence. Nevertheless, they can be prone to bias and methodological failures that can affect the validity of their results.

Soy extracts versus hormone therapy for reduction of menopausal hot flushes: indirect comparison.

Objective: The aim of this study was to make an indirect comparison of the results from meta-analyses that evaluated the severity of hot flushes in postmenopausal women exposed to hormone therapy (HT) or soy extracts.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of HT and soy extracts related to the reduction of hot flushes in postmenopausal women versus the same control (placebo) were conducted. In addition, the combination of the overall results obtained from these two meta-analyses (indirect comparison) was adjusted to the common control (placebo).