New Oncologic Drugs from 2008 to 2023-Differences in Approval and Access between the United States, Europe and Brazil.

Introduction: Advancements in oncology have revolutionized cancer treatment, with new drugs being approved at different rates worldwide. Our objective was to evaluate the approval of new oncological drugs for solid tumors by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) since 2008.

Methods: Data were collected from public and online databases by searching for the date of submission, the date of the procedure, the date of approval, clinical indication, and drug characteristics.

Nano-silicon and sodium mitigate damage by potassium deficiency in chicory.

Chicory is a food with high nutritional. The use of beneficial elements in plants, such as sodium (Na) and silicon (Si), may be important to mitigate nutritional disorders, such as potassium (K) deficiency, but research is lacking on this topic. The objective was to evaluate the effects of sodium and nano-silicon on the nutritional, physiological, growth, and quality parameters of chicory under K deficiency and sufficiency.

Evidence of thickness-dependent surface-induced ferroelectricity in few-layer germanium sulfide obtained scanning tunneling spectroscopy.

The discovery of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional van der Waals materials has sparked enormous interest from the scientific community, due to its possible applications in next-generation nanoelectronic devices, such as random-access memory devices, digital signal processors, and solar cells, among others. In the present study, we used vapor phase deposition to synthesize ultrathin germanium sulfide nano-flakes on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate. Nanostructures of variable thicknesses were characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.

Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Method for the Prediction of Semiconductor Heterojunction Performance as a Prequel for Device Development.

The prediction of semiconductor device performance is a persistent challenge in materials science, and the ability to anticipate useful specifications prior to construction is crucial for enhancing the overall efficiency. In this study, we investigate the constituents of a solar cell by employing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). Through our observations, we identify a spatial distribution of the dopant type in thin films of materials that were designed to present major p-doping for germanium sulfide (GeS) and dominant n-doping for tin disulfide (SnS).

Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases Near the End of Life: Characterizing Patients and Tumor Features.

Purpose: Patients with brain metastases are often referred for brain radiotherapy (BrRT) when exclusive palliative management would be more appropriate. To assess the indication of BrRT during end-of-life (EOL) care and evaluate the characteristics of the patients who underwent the treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised patients from four independent oncology centers who had undergone BrRT for metastases.

Silicon and sodium attenuate potassium deficiency in Eruca sativa Mill.

Potassium (K) fertilizers are limited and non-renewable. Exploring the use of sodium (Na) and silicon (Si) as alternatives to reduce its use may be an alternative. However, the relationship of these elements with arugula nutrition and quality is unknown.

Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects?

Drought alone and drought plus warming will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions of Stylosanthes capitata, while warming will be advantageous only under well-watered condition for the next decades. Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies that investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments.

Metabolic Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a severe metabolic disorder characterized by progressive weight loss along with a dramatic loss in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Like cancer, cachexia progresses in stages starting with pre-cachexia to cachexia and finally to refractory cachexia. In the refractory stage, patients are no longer responsive to therapy and management of weight loss is no longer possible.

The invisibility of the LGBTQIA+ people in the databases: new possibilities in the 2019 National Health Research?

The availability of information about population minorities, in this case, the LGBTQIA+ population (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual, Transvestite/Transsexual, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual), and the possible intersections with other variables on population bases is essential for understanding the similarities and specificities of the reality experienced by these groups, and the establishment of focused public policies. In this sense, this paper aims to reflect on the problems related to research about the sex and gender orientations/performances and, consequently, the lack of information on this topic available in population databases. From the inclusion of the question about sexual orientation in the 2019 National Health Survey database, despite the limitations, this paper presents possible opportunities for investigations on the topic from different perspectives.

Na improves the growth of K-deficient but not K-sufficient kale.

The decrease in the use of K fertilizers may be relevant for developing countries that depend on imports, as well as for specific groups such as patients with chronic kidney disease, who have restricted K in their diets. However, the decrease in the use of K affects plant yield, requiring the study of alternatives to mitigate nutritional stress. Sodium is a beneficial element that can mitigate K deficiency, but studies on kale plants are lacking.

Pre-selection of banana somaclones resistant to f. sp. , subtropical race 4.

- Fusarium wilt, caused by f. sp. (Foc), is one of the most destructive diseases affecting banana crops worldwide.

Cryptochrome 1a depends on blue light fluence rate to mediate osmotic stress responses in tomato.

The participation of plant cryptochromes in water deficit response mechanisms has been highlighted in several reports. However, the role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) in the blue light fluence-dependent modulation of the water deficit response remains largely elusive.

How does leaf physiological acclimation impact forage production and quality of a warmed managed pasture of Stylosanthes capitata under different conditions of soil water availability?

Tropical pastures play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and are crucial for world livestock production. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of field studies that clarify how tropical pasture species will be affected by environmental changes predicted for tropical regions. Using a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system, we increased canopy temperature (+2 °C over ambient) and evaluated the effects of warming under two soil moisture conditions in a factorial design over the physiology, forage production, and forage quality of a tropical forage legume, Stylosanthes capitata.

Low auxin sensitivity of diageotropica tomato mutant alters nitrogen deficiency response.

Plant responses to nitrogen supply are dependent on auxin signaling, but much still remains to be elucidated regarding N deficiency in tomato. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate how low auxin sensitivity regulates the responses of tomato plants to N deficiency. For this purpose, we used the tomato diageotropica mutant, with low auxin sensitivity, and a near isogenic line cv.

Changes in soil water availability and air-temperature impact biomass allocation and C:N:P stoichiometry in different organs of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel.

Temperature and soil water availability play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of essential elements for plant growth, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). In this study, we investigated how drought and warming impact C:N:P stoichiometric ratios of different plant organs (leaves, inflorescences, and stems), and biomass allocation and production of a field-grown pasture of Stylosanthes capitata, a tropical forage legume. We evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+2 °C above ambient temperature) under two conditions of soil water availability, irrigated, and non-irrigated.

The auxin-resistant dgt tomato mutant grows less than the wild type but is less sensitive to ammonium toxicity and nitrogen deficiency.

The low-auxin-sensitivity tomato mutant, dgt, despite displaying reduced plant growth, has been linked to greater resistance to N deficiency. This led us to test the role of auxin resistance of dgt in NH toxicity and N deficiency, compared to wild type tomato (cv. Micro-Tom, MT), grown in hydroponic media.

Macronutrient deficiency in snap bean considering physiological, nutritional, and growth aspects.

Nutritional deficiencies limit the growth of snap bean plants, therefore knowing the biological mechanisms involved in it is fundamental. This study is aimed to evaluate the damage caused by a deficiency of macronutrients in physiological variables that cause decreased growth and the appearance of visual symptoms in snap bean. Thus, we design a hydroponic system of snap bean cultivation in order to test the effect of macronutrient deficiencies in a controlled environment.

Elevated CO2 and warming change the nutrient status and use efficiency of Panicum maximum Jacq.

Panicum maximum Jacq. 'Mombaça' (Guinea grass) is a C4 forage grass widely used in tropical pastures for cattle feeding. In this study, we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 concentration [CO2] during summer on nutrient content, nutrient accumulation, nutrient use efficiency and growth of P.

Sensitivity of the Nipple-Areola Complex in Reduction Mammaplasty Following Periareolar Dermis Section.

Background: Preservation of the periareolar dermis, after de-epithelization in reduction mammaplasty, may result in reduced nipple-areola complex (NAC) mobility. Consequently, distortion in shape and difficulty correcting the areola position can occur.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate NAC viability and sensitivity resulting from periareolar dermis section after de-epithelization in patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty surgery.

Chronic Treatment with Multi-Kinase Inhibitors Causes Differential Toxicities on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles.

Despite recent progress, chemotherapy remains the preferred treatment for cancer. We have shown a link between anticancer drugs and the development of cachexia, i.e.

Cachexia induced by cancer and chemotherapy yield distinct perturbations to energy metabolism.

Background: Cancer cachexia is a metabolic disorder involving perturbed energy balance and altered mitochondrial function. Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option for many types of cancer, but there is substantial evidence that some chemotherapeutic agents can also lead to the development and progression of cachexia. In this study, we apply a comprehensive and systems level metabolomics approach to characterize the metabolic perturbations in murine models of cancer-induced and chemotherapy-induced cachexia.

A Rodent Model of Anxiety: The Effect of Perinatal Immune Challenges on Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Integrity.

Objectives: Gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and GI integrity deficits are common comorbidities of neuropsychiatric disorders. Ongoing research suggests that these aberrations may be contributing to heightened immune signals that have the potential to disrupt neuronal homeostasis and exacerbate behavioural deficits. The current study aimed to determine whether the well-characterized animal model of neuropsychopathology, the maternal immune activation (MIA) model, produced GI inflammation and integrity disruptions in association with anxiety-like behaviour.

Growth of ovarian cancer xenografts causes loss of muscle and bone mass: a new model for the study of cancer cachexia.

Background: Cachexia frequently occurs in women with advanced ovarian cancer (OC), along with enhanced inflammation. Despite being responsible for one third of all cancer deaths, cachexia is generally under-studied in OC due to a limited number of pre-clinical animal models. We aimed to address this gap by characterizing the cachectic phenotype in a mouse model of OC.