Oxidative Stress Associated With Increased Reactive Nitrogen Species Generation in the Liver and Kidney Caused by a Major Metabolite Accumulating in Tyrosinemia Type 1.

Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is caused by fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase activity deficiency, resulting in tissue accumulation of upstream metabolites, including succinylacetone (SA), the pathognomonic compound of this disease. Since the pathogenesis of liver and kidney damage observed in the TT1-affected patients is practically unknown, this study assessed the effects of SA on important biomarkers of redox homeostasis in the liver and kidney of adolescent rats, as well as in hepatic (HepG2) and renal (HEK-293) cultured cells. SA significantly increased nitrate and nitrite levels and decreased the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver and kidney, indicating induction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and disruption of antioxidant defenses.

Redefining the Role of Ornithine Aspartate and Vitamin E in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease through Its Biochemical Properties.

It is known that the inflammation process leading to oxidative stress and thyroid hormone metabolism dysfunction is highly altered in metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aims to address the effect of ornithine aspartate (LOLA) and vitamin E (VitE) in improving these processes. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups and treated for 28 weeks: controls ( = 10) received a standard diet (for 28 weeks) plus gavage with distilled water (DW) from weeks 16 to 28.

Chronic pain predicts a worse response to depression treatment, regardless of thyroid function or psychotropics prescribed.

Background: Chronic pain (CP) and thyroid hormones' (TH) abnormalities are associated with depression, but the impact of pain and TH fluctuation on the response to depression treatment is uncertain.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with major depression were evaluated before and after 6 months of specific treatment, through scales of symptoms' severity (HAM-D-17), psychomotor disturbance (CORE), and quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref). We reviewed psychiatric medications and measured TSH, T3 and T4.

Uncovering Actions of Type 3 Deiodinase in the Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD).

Unlabelled: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has gained worldwide attention as a public health problem. Nonetheless, lack of enough mechanistic knowledge restrains effective treatments. It is known that thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function.

Relationship among Low T3 Levels, Type 3 Deiodinase, Oxidative Stress, and Mortality in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Defining Patient Outcomes.

Low T3 syndrome occurs frequently in patients with sepsis. Type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) is present in immune cells, but there is no description of its presence in patients with sepsis. Here, we aimed to determine the prognostic impact of thyroid hormones levels (TH), measured on ICU admission, on mortality and evolution to chronic critical illness (CCI) and the presence of DIO3 in white cells.

Disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium retention capacity and cell viability caused by D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the heart.

Accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2-HG) is the biochemical hallmark of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type I and, particularly, of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II (D2HGA2). D2HGA2 is a metabolic inherited disease caused by gain-of-function mutations in the gene isocitrate dehydrogenase 2. It is clinically characterized by neurological abnormalities and a severe cardiomyopathy whose pathogenesis is still poorly established.

Disruption of mitochondrial functions involving mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening caused by maleic acid in rat kidney.

Propionic acid (PA) predominantly accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by propionic acidemia that may manifest chronic renal failure along development. High urinary excretion of maleic acid (MA) has also been described. Considering that the underlying mechanisms of renal dysfunction in this disorder are poorly known, the present work investigated the effects of PA and MA (1-5 mM) on mitochondrial functions and cellular viability in rat kidney and cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells.

Influence of Altered Thyroid Hormone Mechanisms in the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Systematic Review.

We performed a systematic review of the mechanisms of thyroid hormones (THs) associated with metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This systematic review was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42022323766). We searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase databases from their inception to March 2022.

Modulation of Deiodinase Types 2 and 3 during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.

The muscle stem-cell niche comprises numerous cell types, which coordinate the regeneration process after injury. Thyroid hormones are one of the main factors that regulate genes linked to skeletal muscle. In this way, deiodinase types 2 and 3 are responsible for the fine-tuning regulation of the local T3 amount.

Non-thyroidal illness syndrome predicts outcome in adult critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively determine the prevalence and the prognostic role of non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in critically ill patients. We included studies that assessed thyroid function by measuring the serum thyroid hormone (TH) level and in-hospital mortality in adult septic patients. Reviews, case reports, editorials, letters, animal studies, duplicate studies, and studies with irrelevant populations and inappropriate controls were excluded.

Short-term exercise training improves cardiac function associated to a better antioxidant response and lower type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity after myocardial infarction.

Aims: We assessed the effects of a short-term exercise training on cardiac function, oxidative stress markers, and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) activity in cardiac tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following experimental myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Twenty-four SHR (aged 3 months) were allocated to 4 groups: sham+sedentary, sham+trained, MI+sedentary and MI+trained. MI was performed by permanent ligation of the coronary artery.

Aerobic training prior to myocardial infarction increases cardiac GLUT4 and partially preserves heart function in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We assessed cardiac function (echocardiographic) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression (Western blot) in response to 10 weeks of aerobic training (treadmill) prior to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by ligation of the left coronary artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Animals were allocated to sedentary+sham, sedentary+AMI, training+sham, and training+AMI. Aerobic training prior to AMI partially preserves heart function.

Effect of a physical training program using the Pilates method on flexibility in elderly subjects.

The adaptations of the human body resulting from the aging process especially loss of flexibility can increase the risk of falls and the risk of developing other health conditions. Exercise training, in particular the Pilates exercise method, has become an important form of physical activity that minimizes the deleterious effects of aging on flexibility. Few studies have evaluated the effect of this training method on body flexibility among elderly.