Exophthalmos and multinodular goitre, an unusual combination.

Multinodular goitre is not associated with eye disease, unless in a rare case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome where it coexists with Grave's disease. Therefore, other causes of exophthalmos need to be ruled out when the eye disease is seen in a patient with multinodular goitre. Confusion can arise in patients with features suggestive of Graves' ophthalmopathy in the absence of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies and no evidence of other causes of exophthalmos.

Pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: A multicenter series of 116 cases.

We report our experience with pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Multicenter, retrospective, noncomparative study. Cases of pediatric endonasal DCR during 2006-2011 were included from six oculoplastic units.

Increase in the length of superficial temporal artery biopsy over 14 years.

Background: Giant cell arteritis is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis of large-sized and medium-sized arteries. Superficial temporal artery biopsy of at least 20 mm has traditionally been the standard length for histopathology to accurately diagnose giant cell arteritis. Recent studies suggest than a post-fixation superficial temporal artery biopsy length of 7 to 10 mm is adequate for diagnosing giant cell arteritis.

An unusual radiological presentation of optic nerve sheath meningioma.

Our report describes an unusual radiological presentation of optic nerve sheath meningioma. The classic radiological appearance of optic nerve thickening with enhancement and calcification within the tumor was not seen; instead, an elongating gadolinium enhancing band-like area adjacent to the superomedial aspect of the left optic nerve sheath was identified. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology.

Surfboard-related eye injuries in New South Wales: a 1-year prospective study.

Objective: To determine the incidence of surfboard-related eye injuries (SREIs) in New South Wales in 1 year.

Design, Setting And Participants: Prospective questionnaire-based study of SREIs through reporting on injuries, treatment and outcomes by ophthalmologists and ophthalmology trainees in NSW and by patients of all ages with any SREIs on risk factors for SREIs that occurred between 30 December 2010 and 30 December 2011.

Main Outcome Measures: Incidence, nature and severity of SREIs, defined as any injury to the eye, orbit or eyelid caused by a surfboard.

Neuro-ophthalmology of invasive fungal sinusitis: 14 consecutive patients and a review of the literature.

Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis is a rare condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and often presents as an orbital apex syndrome. It is frequently misdiagnosed on presentation and is almost always lethal without early treatment.

Design: Retrospective case series of 14 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven invasive fungal sinusitis from four tertiary hospitals.

Predictors of anatomical patency following primary endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a pilot study.

Purpose: To identify factors influencing early anatomical patency following primary endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for nasolacrimal obstruction.

Methods: A prospective study of 50 patients who underwent primary endonasal DCR for nasolacrimal obstruction was undertaken. Age, gender, dacryocystitis, endonasal access, clearance (bony clearance superiorly from the common canaliculus after bone removal), mobility (mobility of the flaps created from the lacrimal sac once opened), marsupialization (degree of reflection of the lacrimal sac following surgical opening) and a combined score (incorporating clearance, mobility and marsupialization) were examined.

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in acute dacryocystitis: a multicenter case series.

Objective: To present our experience of early endonasal DCR (endoDCR) in the treatment of acute dacryocystitis (AD). Methods. International multicenter non-comparative retrospective study.

Lesions mimicking lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma.

Aim: To report a series of patients with lacrimal gland lesions simulating the clinicoradiological features of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma (LGPA).

Methods: Multicentre retrospective, interventional case series. Clinical records of all patients with lesions mimicking LGPA seen in five orbital units were reviewed.

External dacryocystorhinostomy: assessing factors that influence outcome.

Purpose: To present the experience of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) at a tertiary referral center and investigate factors that may affect clinical outcomes.

Methods: The clinical records of all patients who underwent external DCR at Sydney Eye Hospital between May 2000 and August 2007 were reviewed. Data were collected in regards to patient demographics, preoperative assessment, operative details, surgical technique, postoperative management, and clinical outcomes.

The role of mucosal flaps in external dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: To determine whether a mucosal anastomosis fashioned at the time of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) influences postoperative outcome.

Methods: The clinical records of all patients who underwent external DCR at Sydney Eye Hospital between May 2000 and August 2007 were reviewed. Data were collected in regards to surgical technique, clinical outcomes and postoperative management.

Subconjunctival "ring" recurrence of Basal cell carcinoma of the globe.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common indication for orbital exenteration. The recurrence rate of BCC removed with microscopically controlled histology sections is up to 6%. The authors describe the recurrence of a lower eyelid BCC resected with microscopic control that did not manifest itself until 15 years later as a subconjunctival lesion, encircling the globe, and without apparent skin involvement.

Revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with betamethasone injection under assisted local anaesthetic.

Purpose: To determine the success rate of revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with an injection of intraoperative betamethasone under local anaesthetic.

Methods: In a prospective, nonrandomized consecutive case series, 16 adult patients (19 eyes) with failed primary endoscopic DCR underwent revision surgery under assisted local anaesthetic. During revision endoscopic DCR, 1mg of betamethasone was injected into the lacrimal sac and scar tissue surrounding the surgical osteum.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the nasolacrimal sac.

Tumors in the lacrimal sac are rare yet important due to their malignant and potentially lethal outcomes if there is a misdiagnosis or delay in treatment. Epithelial tumors predominate with squamous cell carcinoma. We report a transitional cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac and management course for the patient.

Primary orbital intraosseous hemangioma.

Purpose: Primary orbital intraosseous hemangioma represents a rare, histopathologically benign, vascular tumor of the bony orbit. Only 41 cases have been documented in the literature to date. The authors present 4 new cases of the disease and review the relevant literature.

Orbital and adnexal Rosai-Dorfman disease.

Purpose: To report the clinico-radiological findings, clinical course, and treatment outcomes in five patients with orbital and adnexal Rosai-Dorfman (R-D) disease.

Methods: Analysis of case records of patients with Rosai-Dorfman disease seen at four orbital units between January 2000 and December 2006.

Results: Five patients (3 Caucasian males, 1 Hispanic female, and 1 African female), mean age 41.

Quantitative lacrimal scintigraphy in the assessment of epiphora.

The transit of Tc-99m pertechnetate through 122 lacrimal drainage systems was quantified. Systems were categorized as having presac, preduct, intraduct, or no delay. Scintigraphy indicated an obstruction in 81.

Orbital exenteration: a 15-year study of 38 cases.

Purpose: To determine the clinical indications and outcomes after orbital exenteration when histologic margins were reported as "clear," examining factors affecting local and systemic recurrences and mortality.

Methods: Retrospective case review of exenterations performed in Sydney Eye Hospital in Sydney, Australia, between 1990 and 2004. Reviewed data indications for exenteration, histopathologic diagnosis, and recurrences on follow-up.

Assisted local anaesthesia for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Background: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is traditionally performed under general anaesthesia. However, there are reports in the literature of various local anaesthetic techniques with or without sedation for this procedure. An effective and acceptable local anaesthetic technique enables the avoidance of the risks associated with general anaesthesia, particularly for elderly patients, with the added benefit of reduced bleeding, reduced nausea and vomiting, and reduced length of hospital stay and thus health care cost savings.

Cicatricial ectropion: repair with myocutaneous flaps and canthopexy.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of myocutaneous upper eyelid flaps combined with canthopexy to treat cicatricial lower eyelid ectropion.

Methods: A prospective non-comparative case series undertaken in a private practice setting. Consecutive patients with moderate lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion and upper eyelid dermatochalasis underwent transfer of a bipedicle or monopedicle flap from the upper eyelid combined with canthopexy.