Carbon monoxide releasing molecule enhances coagulation and decreases fibrinolysis in canine plasma exposed to Crotalus viridis venom in vitro and in vivo.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2), an emerging therapeutic in human medicine, enhances plasmatic coagulation and attenuates fibrinolysis in vitro in human, rabbit and horse plasma and ameliorates hypocoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis secondary to venom exposure in human plasma in vitro. Fibrinogenases in rattlesnake venom cause decreased clot strength, and in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in vitro, a markedly increased rate of clot lysis. CO interacts with a haem group on fibrinogen, changing its configuration so that the fibrin clot is strengthened and more resistant to fibrinolysis.

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum and anaphylactic shock associated with Hymenoptera envenomation in a dog.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of a dog with spontaneous hemoperitoneum associated with anaphylactic shock from Hymenoptera envenomation.

Case Summary: An 8-year-old female neutered Beagle presented as an emergency for acute onset of collapse, hematemesis, and hematochezia. The dog was tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypotensive.

THE FIRST REPORT OF A CROTALID ENVENOMATION IN A DOMESTICATED FERRET ( MUSTELA FURO) AND SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT WITH A NOVEL F(AB')2 ANTIVENOM.

  A case report of a domesticated ferret ( Mustela furo) envenomated by a presumptive rattlesnake ( Crotalus sp.) treated successfully and safely with the novel Fab (2') North American Snake Antivenom (Veteria Labs). The ferret presented with clinical signs of depressed mentation and facial edema following a rattlesnake ( Crotalus sp.

Suspected anaphylaxis and lack of clinical protection associated with envenomation in two dogs previously vaccinated with Crotalus atrox toxoid.

Objective: to describe the clinical presentation of two canines present in anaphylactic shock secondary to rattlesnake envenomation. In both cases, there was no previous documented previous envenomation event and the initial sensitization required for anaphylactic response is believed to be secondary to Crotalus atrox toxoid vaccine.

Case Description: In the first case, a 12-year-old golden retriever present for collapse, severe hematochezia, and vomiting after first time envenomation from a suspected western diamondback rattlesnake.

Suspected synthetic cannabinoid toxicosis in a dog.

Objective: To describe the effects of suspected synthetic cannabinoid (SC) toxicosis and the response to intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy in a dog.

Case Summary: A 2-year-8-month-old male Boxer dog was evaluated at an emergency hospital for progressive ataxia and inappropriate mentation. The initial physical examination identified marked hypothermia (32.

272 cases of rattlesnake envenomation in dogs: Demographics and treatment including safety of F(ab')2 antivenom use in 236 patients.

Medical records of 272 rattlesnake envenomations of canines from 5 veterinary emergency centers in Maricopa County, Arizona between 2010 and 2012 were investigated. The objectives were to examine the patient demographics, severity of clinical signs, and treatment modalities employed, in order to discuss the outcomes of certain therapies including glucocorticoid use, antibiotic use, rattlesnake vaccination, and safety of antivenom administration in dogs. Evaluation was performed to model each response (survival, proposed canine snakebite severity score (cSSS), and length of stay) as a function of multiple variables.

Multicenter evaluation of the administration of crotalid antivenom in cats: 115 cases (2000-2011).

Objective: To evaluate use of crotalid antivenom, frequency of hypersensitivity reactions, and risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions and death in envenomed cats.

Design: Retrospective multicenter case series.

Animals: 115 envenomed cats treated with antivenom and 177 envenomed cats treated without antivenom.

Retrospective study to characterize post-obstructive diuresis in cats with urethral obstruction.

Urethral obstruction is a common medical emergency in cats. Frequency of post-obstruction diuresis in cats following resolution of urethral obstruction is unknown. The objective of this study was to document frequency and associated clinical features of post-obstruction diuresis in cats.

Successful management of a dog that had severe rhabdomyolysis with myocardial and respiratory failure.

CASE DESCRIPTION - A 6-year-old castrated male Llewelyn Setter was evaluated because of an acute onset of myalgia and respiratory distress. CLINICAL FINDINGS - Physical examination revealed a stiff stilted gait, swollen muscles that appeared to cause signs of pain, panting, and ptyalism. The dog had a decrease in palpebral reflexes bilaterally and a decrease in myotatic reflexes in all 4 limbs.

Canine and feline emergency room visits and the lunar cycle: 11,940 cases (1992-2002).

Objective: To determine the frequency of canine and feline emergency visits with respect to the lunar cycle.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 11,940 dogs and cats evaluated on an emergency basis during an 11-year period.