Differential response of oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers to mesterolone.

Oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers differ in their ultrastructure, metabolism, and responses to physiological stimuli and pathological insults. We examined whether these fibers respond differentially to exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) by comparing morphological and histological changes between the oxidative anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and glycolytic pectoralis major (PM) fibers in adult avian muscles. Adult female White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus) were randomly divided into five groups: a vehicle control and four mesterolone treatment groups (4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg).

Myogenic regulatory factors: The orchestrators of myogenesis after 30 years of discovery.

Prenatal and postnatal myogenesis share many cellular and molecular aspects. Myogenic regulatory factors are basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors that indispensably regulate both processes. These factors (Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin, and MRF4) function as an orchestrating cascade, with some overlapped actions.

Myogenic Satellite Cells: Biological Milieu and Possible Clinical Applications.

Adult skeletal muscle is a post-mitotic terminally differentiated tissue that possesses an immense potential for regeneration after injury. This regeneration can be achieved by adult stem cells named satellite cells that inhabit the muscular tissue. These cells were first identified in 1961 and were described as being wedged between the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber and the surrounding basement membrane.

Migration of the distal catheter of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in hydrocephalus: A Comprehensive Analytical Review from an Anatomical Perspective.

There have been many reports on migration of the distal catheter of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) since this phenomenon was recognized 50 years ago. However, there have been no attempts to analyze its different patterns or to assess these patterns in terms of potential risk to patients. We comprehensively reviewed all reports of distal VPS catheter migration indexed in PubMed and identified three different anatomical patterns of migration based on catheter extension and organs involved: (1) internal, when the catheter invades any viscus inside the thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic cavity; (2) external, when the catheter penetrates through the body wall either incompletely (subcutaneously) or completely (outside the body); and (3) compound, when the catheter penetrates a hollow viscus and protrudes through a pre-existing anatomical orifice.

Assessment of risk factors for postdural puncture headache in women undergoing cesarean delivery in Jordan: a retrospective analytical study.

Purpose: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most recognized complications after spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean delivery. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of PDPH and its associated risk factors in women undergoing cesarean delivery in Jordan.

Patients And Methods: This study included all women who underwent cesarean delivery at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan during 2015.

Sustanon induces dose-independent hypertrophy and satellite cell proliferation in slow oxidative fibers of avian skeletal muscle.

Sustanon is a well-known anabolic drug that is used to treat hypogonadism and restore muscle mass and bone density. As research to date has been limited to its effects in glycolytic fibers, this study aimed to investigate the dose-related effects of Sustanon on the oxidative fibers of avian skeletal muscle. Adult female chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (C), received a dose of 100 μl normal saline per injection; and Sustanon-1, -2, and -3 (S1, S2, and S3), that received a dose of 12.

Successful Management of Intraoperative Acute Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism in a High Grade Astrocytoma Patient.

BACKGROUND Intraoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare life-threatening complication in patients undergoing surgical intervention. Generally, cancer patients have a higher risk for developing this complication. Unfortunately, there is no standard procedure for its management.