The effect of FokI vitamin D receptor polymorphism on bone mineral density in Jordanian perimenopausal women.

Context: Osteoporosis is a polygenic, multifactorial disease that is characterized by demineralization of bone, and thus presented with decreasing bone mineral mass. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in the 3'-end region (as determined by the enzymes BsmI and ApaI) have been inconsistently associated with bone mineral mass. Another important VDR start codon polymorphism (as determined by the enzyme FokI) has been found to be related to adult bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-and post-menopausal American women.

Year-round vitamin D deficiency among Saudi female out-patients.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate vitamin D status among female out-patients in Saudi Arabia during the summer and winter seasons.

Design: Data were retrospectively collected using medical record abstraction.

Setting: A multidisciplinary hospital in Riyadh between January and December 2009.

Possible association of combined vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes and low bone mineral density in Jordanian postmenopausal women.

The genetics of osteoporosis has been extensively studied over the last 20 years. Many of the studies have been aimed at identifying possible risk factors and possible association with low bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphisms were the first to be studied.