Report on the Effect of the Implementation of an Early Detection and Prevention of Cancer Program on Families at High Hereditary Risk-Concentrating on Patients Undergoing Genetic Diagnostics and Counseling in Central Poland.

Over a 46-month period, the objectives of the National Cancer Control Program (NCCP, pol. Narodowy Program Zwalczania Chorób Nowotworowych), coordinated by the Ministry of Health, were pursued by conducting genetic diagnostics on individuals at high risk of developing cancer. A total of 1097 individuals were enrolled in the study, leading to the identification of 128 cases of germline mutations.

Sexual activity in patients after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

<b>Introduction:</b> Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the gold standard in the surgical treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis and other colorectal diseases requiring colectomy. The treatment consists in removing the large intestine and creating an intestinal reservoir from the last ileum loop and then anastomosing the intestinal reservoir with the anal canal. Like any surgical procedure, RPC-IPAA also carries the risk of complications, both early and late.

Current concepts in the pathogenesis of cryptoglandular perianal fistula.

Cryptoglandular perianal fistula is a common benign anorectal disorder that is managed mainly with surgery. A fistula is typically defined as a pathological communication between two epithelialized surfaces. More specifically, perianal fistula manifests as an abnormal tract between the anorectal canal and the perianal skin.

Phantom pain as an adverse effect after maggot () debridement therapy: a case study.

Maggot debridement therapy, also known as larval therapy, is a well known method of treatment for hard-to-heal and intractable wounds. This case study describes severe phantom pain as a rare adverse event of maggot therapy in patients after post-traumatic amputation of the leg. We also hypothesise and discuss the possibility that the phantom pain may be a result of maggot activity, not only through tissue debridement but also through nerve nourishment and nerve regeneration.

Sexual dysfunctions following low anterior resection of the rectum in rectal cancer patients.

Introduction: Low anterior resection of the rectum (LAR) is a treatment of choice in patients with diagnosed low rectal cancer. Rectal cancer surgery has a close relationship with the urinary-sexual organs and also with related nerves and nerve plexus. Thus, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the pelvic area may be damaged.

Presacral tumors: diagnosis and treatment - a challenge for a surgeon.

Introduction: Presacral tumors are a rare group of heterogeneous lesions located in a potential space referred to as the retrorectal or presacral space. Lack of characteristic symptomatology and difficult anatomical localization make the diagnosis and management challenging for a surgeon. The aim of this study was to analyze cases of presacral tumors that underwent surgical treatment with regard to diagnostics, methods and outcomes.

Is there still a place for open surgery in the treatment strategy of rectal cancer?

Over the last 30 years laparoscopic surgery of rectal cancer has been progressively gaining popularity due to expanding experience and the development of technical skills according to the surgeons' learning curves. The report constitutes a review of recently published articles concerning surgical techniques in colon cancer, with special emphasis on rectal cancer treatment. We tried to address the question of whether, in view of further development and broader use of laparoscopic surgery, there still is a place for open surgery in the treatment strategy of rectal cancer.

Polymorphism of MSH2 Gly322Asp and MLH1 -93G>A in non-familial colon cancer - a case-controlled study.

Introduction: Our aim was to determine the effect of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) -93G>A of the MLH1 gene (rs1800734) and Gly322Asp of the MSH2 gene (rs4987188) on the risk of colon cancer (CC) and identify any relationship with clinical factors.

Material And Methods: The study included 144 unrelated patients with sporadic CC (71 males; mean age: 61.7 ±11 years) and 151 control patients (74 males; mean age: 63 ±11 years).

Right- and left-sided colon cancer - clinical and pathological differences of the disease entity in one organ.

Introduction: Some researchers suggest that cancers located in the right vs. the left side of the colon are different and they can be regarded as distinct disease entities. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of patients with right-sided (RCC) and left-sided (LCC) colon cancer.

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein as Two Predictive Tools of Anastomotic Leak in Colorectal Cancer Open Surgery.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the development of anastomotic leak (AL) in patients after surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Patients operated on for CRC between 2010 and 2014 were enrolled into the study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated for the CRP and NLR measured on the 4th postoperative day (POD).

Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce infections after colorectal cancer surgery.

Aim: The objectives were to recognize the risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) after surgery due to colorectal cancer and to assess the impact of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and oral antibiotic prophylaxis (ABX) on SSIs.

Methods: Records from two colorectal centers were used. Risk factors of SSIs were categorized into patient-, disease-, and treatment-dependent.

Surgical treatment of haemorrhoidal disease - the current situation in Poland.

Introduction: In cases of haemorrhoidal disease resistant to conservative treatment, surgical treatment is necessary to relieve the symptoms.

Aim: To investigate the current methods used by Polish surgeons.

Material And Methods: Surveys were distributed to members of the Association of Polish Surgeons (APS), in which participants were asked a number of closed-ended questions regarding haemorrhoidal disease and the way they treated suffering patients.

Risk factors of 30-day mortality following surgery for colorectal cancer.

Unlabelled: The 30-day mortality is one of the factors reflecting the quality of treatment. All these efforts focused on decreasing 30-day mortality will directly improve quality of care. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors of 30-day postoperative mortality in a cohort of patients operated on for colorectal cancer in one tertiary colorectal centre.

Rectal Prolapse in Women-Outcomes of Perineal and Abdominal Approaches.

The aim of the study was to assess the clinical and functional results of surgical treatment of female patients with rectal prolapse. In the period of 2003-2010, the group of 86 female patients (mean age of 67 ± 10) underwent surgery due to rectal prolapse. The group of 24 patients (27.

Treatment of Perianal Fistulas in Poland.

Unlabelled: A perianal fistula is a pathological canal covered by granulation tissue connecting the anal canal and perianal area epidermis. The above-mentioned problem is the reason for the patient to visit the surgeonproctologist. Unfortunately, the disease is characterized by a high recurrence rate, even despite proper management.

Formalin therapy for hemorrhagic radiation proctitis.

Background: Radiotherapy within pelvis is a vital component of curative therapy for urological, gynecological and rectal malignances. Rectum is especially vulnerable to secondary radiation injury resulting in proctitis. The most common and life-threatening symptom is rectal hemorrhage.

Expression of the PLS3 Gene in Circulating Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Unlabelled: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are cells in circulating blood that have the antigen and gene features of tumor cells of a specific type. Since they can be potentially used in diagnostics and monitoring of treatment of many tumors, they have been attracting attention of researchers worldwide. Plastin-3 (PL S3) is one of such markers of CTC.

Surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses - our experience.

Introduction: Surgeons face a special challenge in treating Jehovah's Witnesses who refuse blood transfusion.

Aim: To present our surgical experience with this group of patients operated on in our department.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of 16 unselected Jehovah's Witnesses patients was conducted between October 2004 and February 2012.

Evaluation of the early results of a loop stoma with a plastic rod in comparison to a loop stoma made with a skin bridge.

Unlabelled: Loop stoma allows reducing the percentage of anastomotic leak and re-operation caused by this complication. Our department has performed the loop stoma on a skin bridge since 2011. The aim of the study was to evaluate the early results of treatment after the skin bridge loop stoma creation in comparison with the stoma made on a plastic rod.

Relaparotomy in colorectal cancer surgery--do any factors influence the risk of mortality? A case controlled study.

Aim: Identification of the incidence of relaparotomy after operations for colorectal cancer and finding out factors influencing the incidence of relaparotomy and risk of mortality.

Method: In the period from 2008 to 2012 the group of patients electively operated on for colorectal cancer was analysed. The database of the surgical department was reviewed retrospectively to search relaparotomies performed in perioperative period.

Significance of the genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 and NAT2 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background: The main types of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). There is evidence that, in addition to immunological and environmental factors, genetic factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Determination of polymorphism of CYP2D6 and NAT2 genes encoding I and II phase enzymes of xenobiotic biotransformation may have clinical value as an indicator of individual predisposition to diseases, and also contribute to effective and safe pharmacotherapy.

Anterior overlapping sphincteroplasty--who benefits from the surgery?

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to identify clinical factors which could influence the results of overlapping sphincteroplasty.

Material And Methods: Between 2003-2009 the group of 78 incontinent patients (59 women, mean age of 61±13 years), was operated on with anterior overlapping anal sphincteroplasty. Only patients with severe incontinence (>16 pts in Wexner scale) were included.

Therapeutic management of stoma complications in selected patients.

Unlabelled: Stoma complications occur in 21-75% of patients, and 30% of them require redo surgery within 10 years after previous surgical treatment. Medical treatment is successful in most cases with no need for surgery. However, severe stoma complications are the real challenge for medical team and require an individual approach to each patient.

Colorectal cancer in young and elderly patients.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to answer the question whether there are differences in the progression of the disease and its morphology, dependent of the patient's age, as well as show colorectal cancer differences between young and elderly patients.

Material And Methods: During the period between 2009 and 2011, 747 patients with rectal carcinoma, and 478 with colon cancer underwent surgery at the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery. The study group comprised patients under the age of 40 years (56 patients) and >80 years (90 patients).

C3435T polymorphism of the ABCB1/MDR1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a Polish population.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) belongs to the group of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, prevalence of which is increasing in the Polish population. The two main clinical types of IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The expression level of the ABCB1/MDR1 gene which encodes P-glycoprotein seems to be of great prognostic relevance while evaluating patients' susceptibility to UC or CD.