Sources and pathways of carbon and nitrogen of macrophytes and sediments using stable isotopes in Al-Kharrar Lagoon, eastern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia.

Elemental ratios (δ13C, δ15N and C/N) and carbon and nitrogen concentrations in macrophytes, sediments and sponges of the hypersaline Al-Kharrar Lagoon (KL), central eastern Red Sea coast, were measured to distinguish their sources, pathways and see how they have been influenced by biogeochemical processes and terrestrial inputs. The mangroves and halophytes showed the most depleted δ13C values of -27.07±0.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of highly polluted coastal area in the Red Sea: levels, spatial distribution, and risk assessment.

The southern part of the Jeddah coast faces a range of pollution challenges that can impact the water quality and ecosystem in the area. Pollution sources are represented mainly by treated wastewater (TWW), harbor activities, and atmospheric deposition from vehicle exhaust emissions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the persistent organic pollutants that interfere with all environmental matrices and could cause humane mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.

Sol-Gel Functionalized Polyurethane Foam-Packed Mini-Column as an Efficient Solid Extractor for the Rapid and Ultra-Trace Detection of Textile Dyes in Water.

Textile dyes widely used in industrial products are known as a major threat to human health and water ecological security. On the other hand, sol gel represents a principal driver of the adoption of dispersive solid-phase microextractors (d-µ SPME) for pollutants residues in water. Thus, the current study reports a new and highly rapid and highly efficient hybrid sol-gel-based sponge polyurethane foam as a dispersive solid-phase microextractor (d-µ-SPME) platform packed mini-column for complete preconcentration and subsequent spectrophotometric detection of eosin Y textile dye in wastewater.

Evaluation of Strains Isolated from Fish sp. on Growth Performance of Fingerlings Challenged by Fish Pathogen MTCC 12301.

Probiotics play vital roles in improving growth, survival, and immune responses and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in freshwater fish. This study was conducted to isolate potential probiotics from and and to evaluate their effect on fingerlings. Among the isolates, PBG9D and BCS10 (1) exhibited antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogen .

Deoxygenation turns the coastal Red Sea lagoons into sources of nitrous oxide.

Direct measurements of dissolved NO concentrations, fluxes and saturation percentages undertaken for the first time in two coastal lagoons - Al-Shabab and Al-Arbaeen, along the east coast of the Red Sea, revealed the region as a significant source of NO to the atmosphere. The exacerbated dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) from various anthropogenic sources led to substantial oxygen depletion in both the lagoons, which turned to bottom anoxia at Al-Arbaeen lagoon during the spring season. We assume that the accumulation of NO is caused by nitrifier-denitrification in the hypoxic/anoxic boundaries.

Phytochemical Compositions of Some Red Sea Halophyte Plants with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials.

The aim of this study was to determine the compositions of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, fatty acids (FAs), and amino acids (AAs) of four Rea Sea halophytes: , , , and . The results showed that and were rich in gallic acid with 41.72 and 47.

Halo-phenolic metabolites and their in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities from the Red Sea alga .

From the green alga two new naturally halo-benzaldehyde derivatives were isolated by various chromatographic methods along with 10 known metabolites of bromophenols, sulfonoglycolipid, and steroids. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as on MS data, the structures of the new compounds were identified as 5-bromo-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde named avrainvilleal (), and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (). Using SRB assay, both compounds showed mild and weak cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to the good activity of their extract (IC values 3.

inhibition of Hepatitis C virus protease and antioxidant by flavonoid glycosides from the Saudi costal plant .

A new flavonol triglycoside, rhamnazin 3-O-2-rhamnorutinoside or rhamnazin 3--(2″,6″--α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-glucoside () was isolated along with known flavonols, rhamnazin 3--rutinoside (), rhamnazin 3--(6″--α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (), isorhamnetin 3--(6″--α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (), isorhamnetin 3--(2″,6″--α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (), and isorhamnetin (), and allantoin () from the aqueous methanol extract of leaves. Spectral analyses (UV, MS, and NMR) and acid hydrolysis were used to determine the structures. These compounds in this study except were reported for the first time from the genus .

Sesquiterpenes from the Saudi Red Sea: Litophyton arboreum with their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

A new pseudoguaiane-type sesquiterpene named litopharbol (1) was isolated from the methanolic extract of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum, along with known sesquiterpenoids alismol (2), alismorientol B (3), teuhetenone A (4), and calamusin I (5); steroid, 24-methyl-cholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (6), alkyl glyceryl ether, chimyl alcohol (7); sphingolipid, erythro-N-dodecanoyl-docosasphinga-(4E,8E)-dienine (8); and nitrogenous bases, thymine (9) and thymidine (10). The structures were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR data including heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric analyses. Compounds 1-5 were explored for antimicrobial activity and cancer cell line sensitivity tests.

Different Culture Metabolites of the Red Sea Fungus Fusarium equiseti Optimize the Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease (HCV PR).

The endophytic fungus was isolated from the brown alga , collected from the Red Sea. The fungus was identified by its morphology and 18S rDNA. Cultivation of this fungal strain in biomalt-peptone medium led to isolation of 12 known metabolites of diketopeprazines and anthraquinones.

The Use of a Mercury Biosensor to Evaluate the Bioavailability of Mercury-Thiol Complexes and Mechanisms of Mercury Uptake in Bacteria.

As mercury (Hg) biosensors are sensitive to only intracellular Hg, they are useful in the investigation of Hg uptake mechanisms and the effects of speciation on Hg bioavailability to microbes. In this study, bacterial biosensors were used to evaluate the roles that several transporters such as the glutathione, cystine/cysteine, and Mer transporters play in the uptake of Hg from Hg-thiol complexes by comparing uptake rates in strains with functioning transport systems to strains where these transporters had been knocked out by deletion of key genes. The Hg uptake into the biosensors was quantified based on the intracellular conversion of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) to elemental mercury (Hg(0)) by the enzyme MerA.

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in natural seawater using visible light active carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light and natural sunlight illuminations.

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol in seawater was investigated under UV and natural sunlight using visible light active carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO2 nanoparticles, synthesized via a sol-gel method. Carbon modification of n-TiO2 was performed using titanium butoxide, carbon-containing precursor, as a source of both carbon and titanium. For comparison, unmodified n-TiO2 was also synthesized by hydrolysis and oxidation of titanium trichloride in the absence of any carbon source.