Cranial ultrasound in neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis.

Neonatal infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is associated with significant morbidity, high mortality, and long-term neurological sequelae. We report the clinical case of an infant with HSV encephalitis, where the initial diagnosis was established based on cranial ultrasound (CUS) findings. These findings revealed localized, asymmetrically distributed hyperechoic areas in the parenchyma and signs of brain swelling.

Plasma KL-6 as a Potential Biomarker for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants.

Background: KL-6 is a biomarker of interstitial lung injury and increases during repair.

Aim: Our aim was to determine the predictive value of plasma KL-6 for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.

Methods: Ninety-five extremely preterm infants (EPIs), born at <28 gestational age (GA), were divided into two main BPD groups as follows: the moderate/severe and the no/mild group.

Lung ultrasound in premature infants as an early predictor of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Purpose: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a widely used technique in neonates to diagnose a lot of acute diseases. However, its role in the diagnosis of chronic lung conditions is still to be evaluated. We aimed to describe the changes in ultrasound images as well as the appearance of lung consolidations (LC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

An outbreak of RSV infections in a neonatology clinic during the RSV-season.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the predominant cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infancy. Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at the highest risk of severe RSV-LRTI. This is a retrospective study that analyses a nosocomial outbreak of RSV infections in the Neonatology clinic of the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sofia, 2019.

[TREATMENT OF EXTREMELY PREMATURE NEWBORN INFANT WITH INO. CLINICAL CASE].

Prolonged inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) from birth in preterm neonates with BPD improves endogenous surfactant function as well as lung growth, angiogenesis, and alveologenesis. As a result there is a reduction in the frequency of the "new" form of BPD in neonates under 28 weeks of gestation and birth weight under 1000 gr. Delivery of inhaled nitric oxide is a new method of prevention of chronic lung disease.

[BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA--WHAT DO WE KNOW TODAY?].

The survival of great number of extremely premature newborn babies is associated with increased risk of damage of the newborn lung and development of chronic lung disease/Broncopulmonary dysplasia. The lower the gestational age and weight, the greater the frequency of BPD. The disease leads to impairment of the normal alveolization and vascularization of the premature lung.

[Treatment of PPHN with iNO in an Infant with Trombophilia and Thrombus in PDA. Clinical Case.].

PPHN is common in 1-2/1000 newborn infants. The morbidity and mortality accompanying the disease are extremely high. The treatment is frequently ineffective.

[TREATMENT WITH INO OF INFANTS WITH PPHN.].

PPHN is a life threatening disease that appears as a result of high pulmonary vascular resistance and persistent right to left shunt across foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. The treatment of PPHN is complex and often ineffective. iNO is important part of the pathogenetic treatment of the disease.

[BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS--THE OLD NEW PROBLEM].

Background: The advances in perinatal intensive care have increased the survival rate of extremely low birthweight (ELBW) and gestational age infants. Among them the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains high.

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of BPD by birthweight and gestational age, to identify the main postnatal risk factors and the associated comorbidities.

[Socio-demographic characteristics and vitamin D status in women born before 32 weeks'].

Unlabelled: Deficiency of vitamin D (25-OHD) is a health problem among prematurely born women and their newborns independently of the geographical location of the country.

Objectives: To study serum levels of vitamin D in patients born before 32 weeks and their newborns at birth. To analyse the socio-demographic factors, complications of pregnancy and their relationship with vitamin D status of women.

[Pulmonary hypertension of the newborn--recent advances in the management and treatment].

Pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a clinical syndrome with diverse etiology in which the transition from fetal circulation with high pulmonary vascular resistance to postnatal circulation with low pulmonary vascular resistance failed. The persistence of high pulmonary vascular pressure leads to right-left shunts and marked cyanosis. Despite of the advances in neonatology, the treatment of some forms of PPHN is often difficult and mortality rate remains high.

[Application of inhaled nitric oxide in extreme preterm neonates with with BPD].

Prolonged inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) from birth in preterm neonates with BPD improves endogenous surfactant function as well as lung growth, angiogenesis, and alveologenesis. As a result there is a reduction in the frequency of the "new" form of BPD in neonates under 28 weeks of gestation and birth weight under 1000 gr. Delivery of inhaled nitric oxide is a new method of prevention of chronic lung disease.

[Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathogenesis and neuropathology].

The perinatal period represents a clinical setting of potential risk for injury to developing brain secondary to many causes, with the chance for long-lasting, profound neurocognitive deficits. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury leads to serious long-term morbidities. The leading pathogenetic mechanisms are hypoxia and/or ischemia, as a result of perinatal asphyxia.

[Blood transfusions suppress erythropoiesis in anemia of prematurity].

Unlabelled: AIM AND TASKS: The major gene regulating erythropoietin /EPO/ synthesis is hypoxia induced factor/HIF/. Proceeding from the assumption that the transfusions /HT/ remove hypoxia due to anemia and inactivate HIF, the aim of the study was to show the decreased activity of erythropoiesis after HT MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Patients: 40 premature infants <34 g.a.

[Respirtory distress in newborns of mothers with factor V-Leiden thrombophilia].

Aim: The main aim of the trial is to determine the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome / RDS/ and disorders of coagulation in infants of mothers with thrombophilia.

Materials And Methods: In 51 newborns of mothers with thrombophilia were evaluated the presence of respiratory distress and maternal-fetal infection /MFI/. The children were divided in two groups: Group I--16 newborns of mothers with thrombophilia and Group II--15 healthy children.

["In vitro" babies--dreams, that turned real, but a lot of questions and unknown items].

Unlabelled: In vitro babies bring happiness to a lot of families. Their development, health and social problems are being studied in details.

Objectives: To establish the well being of babies, born at the University Maternity Hospital "Maichin dom" following assisted reproduction (AR), probable risk factors immediately after birth and afterwards.

[Vitamin D levels in maternal--VLBW infants pairs].

Unlabelled: Normal foetal growth depends on sufficient mother's vit D intake. Premature birth interrupts vit D and mineral mother-to-foetus transfer and leads to vit D deficiency and disturbs newborn mineral bone metabolism.

Objectives: To determine vit.

[Neonatal infections. Diagnostic markers of infection].

Infections are highly prevalent in the neonatal period. Unfortunately the symptoms of infection are non-specific and are seen in other neonatal diseases as: respiratory distress syndrome, metabolic diseases, intracranial hemorrhages. Diagnosis is based on the clinics, microbiologic tests and laboratory markers of infection.

[Treatment of anaemia of prematurity with SS-R-Hu-erythropoietin and significance of hypoxia-inducible factor].

Unlabelled: The main cause of anaemia of prematurity is low erythropoietin levels. A few years ago hypoxia-inducible factor/HIF/gene transcriptor was established, regulating not only the synthesis of erythropoietin /EPO/, but also other growth factors as well as enzymes of anaerobic glycolysis, activated by hypoxia.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to establish in clinical practice the role of hypoxia, respectively, activated HIF during treatment with erythropoietin by analyzing variations in hematological values; to examine blood lactate levels as an indicator of activated HIF and anaerobic glycolysis with Hb values 110-120 g/l; to analyze the number and impact of red blood cells transfusions on different categories of babies.