Polymeric Materials Used in 3DP in Dentistry-Biocompatibility Testing Challenges.

In the latter part of the 20th century, remarkable developments in new dental materials and technologies were achieved. However, regarding the impact of dental resin-based materials 3D-printed on cellular responses, there have been a limited number of published studies recently. The biocompatibility of dental restorative materials is a controversial topic, especially when discussing modern manufacturing technologies.

Exploring the Broad Spectrum of Titanium-Niobium Implants and Hydroxyapatite Coatings-A Review.

Tooth loss replacement using dental implants is becoming more frequent. Traditional dental implant materials such as commercially pure titanium and titanium aluminum vanadium alloys have well-proven mechanical and biological properties. New titanium alloying metals such as niobium provide improved mechanical properties such as lower elastic modulus while displaying comparable or even better biocompatibility.

Nanostructured Coatings Based on Graphene Oxide for the Management of Periprosthetic Infections.

To modulate the bioactivity and boost the therapeutic outcome of implantable metallic devices, biodegradable coatings based on polylactide (PLA) and graphene oxide nanosheets (nGOs) loaded with Zinforo™ (Zin) have been proposed in this study as innovative alternatives for the local management of biofilm-associated periprosthetic infections. Using a modified Hummers protocol, high-purity and ultra-thin nGOs have been obtained, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. The matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique has been successfully employed to obtain the PLA-nGO-Zin coatings.

Silver/Graphene Oxide Nanostructured Coatings for Modulating the Microbial Susceptibility of Fixation Devices Used in Knee Surgery.

Exploring silver-based and carbon-based nanomaterials' excellent intrinsic antipathogenic effects represents an attractive alternative for fabricating anti-infective formulations. Using chemical synthesis protocols, stearate-conjugated silver (Ag@C) nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanosheets (nGOs) were herein obtained and investigated in terms of composition and microstructure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations revealed the formation of nanomaterials with desirable physical properties, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the high purity of synthesized nanomaterials.

Autophagy Plays Multiple Roles in the Soft-Tissue Healing and Osseointegration in Dental Implant Surgery-A Narrative Review.

Dental endo-osseous implants have become a widely used treatment for replacing missing teeth. Dental implants are placed into a surgically created osteotomy in alveolar bone, the healing of the soft tissue lesion and the osseointegration of the implant being key elements to long-term success. Autophagy is considered the major intracellular degradation system, playing important roles in various cellular processes involved in dental implant integration.

Mediators of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation: A new team of possible biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma stage.

Oral cancer represents one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the most frequently diagnosed. Cytokines play a crucial role in inflammation, apoptosis and metastasis. Interleukin (IL)-8 promotes the direct migration of inflammatory cells.

Diagnosing and Treating Sleep Apnea in Patients With Acute Cerebrovascular Disease.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) is common among patients with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. We evaluated whether continuous positive airway pressure for OSA among patients with recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack improved clinical outcomes. Methods and Results This randomized controlled trial among patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack compared 2 strategies (standard or enhanced) for the diagnosis and treatment of OSA versus usual care over 1 year.

Organic Nanomaterials and Their Applications in the Treatment of Oral Diseases.

There is a growing interest in the development of organic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. An increasing number of studies focus on the uses of nanomaterials with organic structure for regeneration of bone, cartilage, skin or dental tissues. Solid evidence has been found for several advantages of using natural or synthetic organic nanostructures in a wide variety of dental fields, from implantology, endodontics, and periodontics, to regenerative dentistry and wound healing.

Hydrogen Sulfide, Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review.

In the past years, biomedical research has recognized hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) not only as an environmental pollutant but also, along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, as an important biological gastransmitter with paramount roles in health and disease. Current research focuses on several aspects of H₂S biology such as the biochemical pathways that generate the compound and its functions in human pathology or drug synthesis that block or stimulate its biosynthesis. The present work addresses the knowledge we have to date on H₂S production and its biological roles in the general human environment with a special focus on the oral cavity and its involvement in the initiation and development of periodontal diseases.

Infarct location and sleep apnea: evaluating the potential association in acute ischemic stroke.

Background: The literature about the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and stroke location is conflicting with some studies finding an association and others demonstrating no relationship. Among acute ischemic stroke patients, we sought to examine the relationship between stroke location and the prevalence of OSA; OSA severity based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), arousal frequency, and measure of hypoxia; and number of central and obstructive respiratory events.

Methods: Data were obtained from patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial (NCT01446913) that evaluated the effectiveness of a strategy of diagnosing and treating OSA among patients with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.

The nucleocrine pathway comes of age.

More than 20 years ago, it was initially predicted that hormones and growth factors might promote cell growth by binding and thereby inactivating tumor suppressors, as exemplified by the proposed complex formation between insulin and retinoblastoma protein (RB). This mainly intracellular/nuclear growth-regulatory circuit was termed "the nucleocrine pathway" and the physical interaction between insulin and RB was subsequently proven through several methods, primarily by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. Meanwhile, additional nucleocrine pairs have emerged through further experimental studies, specifically the FGF1-p53 and angiogenin-p53 heterodimers.

Osteosynthesis in fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis.

Objectives: To compare the clinical results of osteosynthesis with plate and screws versus anterograde locked intramedullary nail in fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis.

Material And Methods: 184 patients with fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis were included in a prospective study. 82 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws (Group 1), while in 102 cases, closed reduction and osteosynthesis with locked intramedullary nail was performed (Group 2).

Aneurysmal bone cyst--clinical and morphological aspects.

Aim: To assess the results of surgical treatment in aneurysmal bone cysts.

Materials And Methods: 31 patients with aneurysmal bone cysts underwent surgical treatment in our department. In almost half of cases, the lesion was located in the femur.

Primary total knee arthroplasty in severe valgus knee.

Aim: Outcome of primary total arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the knee with valgus deformity.

Materials And Methods: Between 2005 and 2007, 28 primary total knee replacements were performed for osteoarthritis of the knee with valgus deformity. 21 cases were women and 7 men with a mean age of 66.

Extended exposure in difficult total knee arthroplasty using tibial tubercle osteotomy.

Objectives: In some total knee arthroplasty cases, the usual medial parapatellar approach does not allow the appropriate patellar eversion and the desired exposure of the knee joint. Partial disinsertion of the patellar tendon doesn't substantially improve the surgical exposure and can lead to extensor apparatus weakening and complete secondary ruptures, while the V-Y quadricipital plasty leads to post-op immobilization of the knee, which delays the functional rehabilitation, with negative impact on the range of motion. The tibial tubercle osteotomy, however, allows an extension of the approach in total knee arthroplasty, without endangering the quadricipital extensor apparatus.

The practical utility of synthetic tumor suppressor peptides: a personal retrospective on 25 years.

In this brief survey, I look back upon a quarter of a century of my personal experience with synthetic peptides. Thereby, I focus on major steps in the design and experimental exploration of peptides that I have derived from the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB). Along this way, both Merrifield's solid phase peptide synthesis method and collaborations with established investigators in the peptide and cancer research fields have played an important role.

One hundred years of tumor suppressor research: crucial achievements and unique perspectives.

Tumor suppressors constitute the body's primary defense line against malignant transformation. Since Theodor Boveri's initial insight one century ago, a huge amount of knowledge on these molecules has been generated. However, the final step of application of this profound understanding in the clinical setting, i.

Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis and surgical treatment of femoral bone metastasis.

Background: When the primary tumor is unknown, the biopsy and the histopathological examination (associated with immunohistochemistry and molecular profiling) will identify the type and subtype of the tumor and, if possible, the site of origin. The classification in type and subtype will allow to assess the prognosis and to indicate the most appropriate therapeutic approach.

Aim: Identification of the unknown primary tumor by biopsy and immunohistochemistry from the femoral bone metastasis, the clinical results and the survival rate after osteosynthesis ± cement stabilization of the lesion.

From the RB tumor suppressor to MCR peptides.

About twenty years ago, the search for a peptide mimetic of the crucial 928-amino acid human retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) has led to the identification of a potential active site in RB spanning 6 amino acids. Subsequent studies revealed that this hexapeptide needs to be coupled to a cellular internalization sequence in order to be biologically active. The prototype molecule resulting therefrom has been the synthetic 22-amino acid peptide MCR-4 that was proven through several investigations to exert both in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity both resembling and going beyond the antiproliferative effects of its template RB.

Anterior dislocation of the hip associated with intertrochanteric fracture of the femur - Case presentation.

Dislocations of the hip usually occur following high energy trauma, the coxo-femoral joint being inherently stable, and can be associated with acetabular fractures or fractures of the head, neck or shaft of femur. However, the combination between the anterior hip dislocation and the ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture is extremely rare, the literature offering only scarce information. We present the case of a patient, aged 44, victim of a trauma by precipitation from height (12m), diagnosed with left hip anterior dislocation and intertrochanteric fracture of the ipsilateral femur.

Histopathological examination in evaluation of long-term results after osteocartilaginous transplantation.

Objective: To assess long-term outcomes of osteocartilaginous transplantation for non-degenerative lesions of hyaline articular cartilage in the knee, by performing minibiopsies from the transplanted area and examining them histopathologically.

Patients And Methods: Forty-four patients with post-traumatic cartilage injuries of the bearing surfaces of the knee were enrolled in a prospective study, that included treatment with autologous osteocartilaginous grafts at the level of the lesion, "second look" arthroscopy and targeted minibiopsies at one year and five years postoperatively (six minibiopsies per patient). The collected tissue fragments were examined by optic microscopy.

Giant-cell tumor of the bone (GCTOB): clinical case.

Giant-cell tumor of the bone is a benign tumor, but with high local aggressiveness, even with risk of distant metastasis. From an epidemiological standpoint, giant-cell tumor of the bone accounts for 4-5% of primary bone tumors and ~20% of benign bone tumors; commonly affects adults between 20-40 years, slightly more common in females. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman, without significant pathological history, which, after clinical, imagistic and anatomopathological investigations, is diagnosed with giant cell tumor of the right distal radius.

Oncoprotein metastasis: an expanded topography.

In this survey, the initial insights on the sub- and transcellular process of oncoprotein metastasis (OPM) are linked to recent observations and advances in related fields. The six proteins described here, i.e.