Advancements in Brain Aneurysm Management: Integrating Neuroanatomy, Physiopathology, and Neurosurgical Techniques.

Brain aneurysms, characterized by abnormal bulging in blood vessels, pose significant risks if ruptured, necessitating precise neuroanatomical knowledge and advanced neurosurgical techniques for effective management. This article delves into the intricate neuroanatomy relevant to brain aneurysms, including the vascular structures and critical regions involved. It provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of aneurysm formation and progression.

Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions.

Glioblastoma is known to be one of the most aggressive and fatal human cancers, with a poor prognosis and resistance to standard treatments. In the last few years, many solid tumor treatments have been revolutionized with the help of immunotherapy. However, this type of treatment has failed to improve the results in glioblastoma patients.

Integrating the 5-SENSE Score for Patient Selection in Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Addressing the challenge of drug-resistant epilepsy, our study offers a novel perspective by retrospectively applying the 5-SENSE score, initially created for stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) planning, to evaluate its predictive value in patients undergoing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy. We conducted a comprehensive preoperative diagnostic work-up, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT), video-electroencephalogram (video-EEG), and clinical semiology. We then stratified 76 patients into three groups - low, moderate, and high focality - based on the focality of the seizure-onset zone.

Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: An Important Modulator for Tumoral Progression and Therapy Resistance.

The race to find an effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) remains a critical topic, because of its high aggressivity and impact on survival and the quality of life. Currently, due to GBM's high heterogeneity, the conventional treatment success rate and response to therapy are relatively low, with a median survival rate of less than 20 months. A new point of view can be provided by the comprehension of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pursuance of the development of new therapeutic strategies to aim for a longer survival rate with an improved quality of life and longer disease-free interval (DFI).

Giant Dissecting Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery in a 35-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report.

Giant dissecting aneurysms of the internal carotid artery are extremely uncommon, particularly in young adults. In this report, we provide a case of a 35-year-old male patient who experienced severe headaches, double vision, paralysis of the left abducens nerve, trigeminal neuralgia, nausea, and vomiting. The cerebral MRI showed an intensely gadolinophilic lesion following the left internal carotid artery route from the petrous canal; it also caused an internal deviation of the cavernous route of the internal carotid artery with a fluid heterogeneous area that pushed the cavernous dura mater (including the Gasser ganglion) on the free cisternal route of the trigeminal nerve.

A Synopsis of Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Past and Present.

Accounting for 48% of malignant brain tumors in adults, glioblastoma has been of great interest in the last decades, especially in the biomolecular and neurosurgical fields, due to its incurable nature and notable neurological morbidity. The major advancements in neurosurgical technologies have positively influenced the extent of safe tumoral resection, while the latest progress in the biomolecular field of GBM has uncovered new potential therapeutical targets. Although GBM currently has no curative therapy, recent progress has been made in the management of this disease, both from surgical and molecular perspectives.

Rare Case of a 20p13 Duplication Trisomy With Craniostenosis.

Duplication 20p or partial trisomy 20 is a rare chromosomal anomaly characterized by duplication of the short arm of chromosome 20, with various clinical abnormalities. Despite complete trisomy 20, which usually leads to prenatal death, partial trisomy 20 can manifest with variable phenotypes, from mild to severe manifestations. Here, we present a rare case of an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with trisomy 20, epilepsy with focal seizures of genetic origin, craniosynostosis, type 1 diabetes, and autism spectrum disorder.

Neurosurgical rare disease: solitary plasmacytoma of the skull - case report and literature review.

Solitary extranevraxial plasmacytoma (SEP), as a clinical entity without signs of systemic myelomatosis, is extremely rare; it is difficult to find literature on the issue of patient management and proper course of action in the presence of associated pathology. The authors present a rare case of plasmacytoma of the skull vault associated with severe cardiac pathology, which made surgery extremely difficult and possible only through temporization of the interventions, as presented. We discuss our findings and opportunities for treatment in this case, which seemed unapproachable at presentation, in connection with the associated cardiac pathology.

Surgical and functional outcome of olfactory groove meningiomas: Lessons from the past experience and strategy development.

Object: Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) constitute a unique subset of intracranial meningiomas, since they usually remain clinically silent for a long period of time, and they may be of large size upon their diagnosis. Their surgical management remains quite challenging. The surgical and the neuropsychological outcome of patients with OGM are presented in our current study, in order to establish a basis for developing efficacious surgical strategies for the management of this clinico-pathological entity.

Olfactory groove meningiomas: a retrospective study on 59 surgical cases.

We report here a retrospective study of 59 consecutive patients with olfactory groove meningiomas admitted and operated on between 1991 and 2008. Our goal was to characterize clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcome of these lesions. The surgical resection grade, the histological type and the presence of recurrences in the follow-up period were analyzed.