Y-chromosomal insights into the breeding history and sire line genealogies of two traditional Baroque horse breeds: Lipizzaner and Kladruber.

The paternally inherited, male-specific part of the Y chromosome (MSY) is an ideal marker for studying the origin, genealogies, and historical connections of horse patrilines. Here, we performed fine-scaled MSY haplotype (HT) analysis in two Baroque horse breeds, the Lipizzaner and the Kladruber, both known for their long-standing tradition of sire line breeding and interconnected genealogies. We genotyped 95 MSY markers using KASP technology in 90 stallions representing all patrilines of both breeds.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a multi-component lifestyle therapy program versus psychological therapy for managing mood disorders (HARMON-E): protocol of a randomised non-inferiority trial.

Background: Mood disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. Psychological therapy is considered a gold standard non-pharmacological treatment for managing these conditions; however, a growing body of evidence also supports the use of lifestyle therapies for these conditions. Despite some clinical guidelines endorsing the application of lifestyle therapies as a first-line treatment for individuals with mood disorders, there is limited evidence that this recommendation has been widely adopted into routine practice.

Effect of Temperature on S32750 Duplex Steel Welded Joint Impact Toughness.

The search for alternative materials that can be used for parts of aircraft hydraulic systems has led to the idea of applying S32750 duplex steel for this purpose. This steel is mainly used in the oil and gas, chemical, and food industries. The reasons for this lie in this material's exceptional welding, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties.

Refining the evolutionary tree of the horse Y chromosome.

The Y chromosome carries information about the demography of paternal lineages, and thus, can prove invaluable for retracing both the evolutionary trajectory of wild animals and the breeding history of domesticates. In horses, the Y chromosome shows a limited, but highly informative, sequence diversity, supporting the increasing breeding influence of Oriental lineages during the last 1500 years. Here, we augment the primary horse Y-phylogeny, which is currently mainly based on modern horse breeds of economic interest, with haplotypes (HT) segregating in remote horse populations around the world.

Computational Quantum Chemistry Insights into the Mechanism of VO Reduction on Graphene-Based Electrodes.

The identity of active sites for redox reactions within vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) isstill controversial despite decades of research into the matter. Here, we use density functional theory to examine the premise of selected surface functional groups as active sites and provide mechanistic insights into the reaction pathway for the positive electrode reaction. The adsorption of electroactive species on phenol and carbene-like edge carbon sites was compared using model aromatic clusters.

Y Chromosome Haplotypes Enlighten Origin, Influence, and Breeding History of North African Barb Horses.

In horses, demographic patterns are complex due to historical migrations and eventful breeding histories. Particularly puzzling is the ancestry of the North African horse, a founding horse breed, shaped by numerous influences throughout history. A genetic marker particularly suitable to investigate the paternal demographic history of populations is the non-recombining male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY).

Copy number variation of horse Y chromosome genes in normal equine populations and in horses with abnormal sex development and subfertility: relationship of copy number variations with Y haplogroups.

Structural rearrangements like copy number variations in the male-specific Y chromosome have been associated with male fertility phenotypes in human and mouse but have been sparsely studied in other mammalian species. Here, we designed digital droplet PCR assays for 7 horse male-specific Y chromosome multicopy genes and SRY and evaluated their absolute copy numbers in 209 normal male horses of 22 breeds, 73 XY horses with disorders of sex development and/or infertility, 5 Przewalski's horses and 2 kulans. This established baseline copy number for these genes in horses.

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses.

The Y chromosome is a valuable genetic marker for studying the origin and influence of paternal lineages in populations. In this study, we conducted Y-chromosomal lineage-tracing in Arabian horses. First, we resolved a Y haplotype phylogeny based on the next generation sequencing data of 157 males from several breeds.

Influence of Welding Speed on Fracture Toughness of Friction Stir Welded AA2024-T351 Joints.

In order to ensure a quality welded joint, and thus safe operation and high reliability of the welded part or structure achieved by friction stir welding, it is necessary to select the optimal welding parameters. The parameters of friction stir welding significantly affect the structure of the welded joint, and thus the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Investigation of the influence of friction stir welding parameters was performed on 6-mm thick plates of aluminum alloy AA2024 T351.

IRC data for a mechanistic route starting with HO adsorption and finishing with H desorption from graphene.

Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) data regarding the interactions of water with a carbene-like active site located at the edge of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon [1-3] has been obtained using density functional theory (DFT) and the 6-31g(d) basis set as implemented in the Gaussian 16 software [4]. The data is presented as two videos (frontal and lateral mechanism views) combining four consecutive IRC calculations corresponding to the four different transition states presented on "https://doi.org/10.

Spin density distributions on graphene clusters and ribbons with carbene-like active sites.

Aiming to better understand the reactivity of graphene-based materials, the present work employs density functional theory that provides detailed information about spin-density distributions for single and contiguous pairs of carbene-like active sites. In order to examine the extent to which different models, methodologies, and approximations affect the outcome, our calculations employ the AIMPRO, QuantumEspresso and Gaussian program packages. Models are in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), both isolated and within supercells with periodic boundary conditions.

Corrosive and cytotoxic properties of compact specimens and microparticles of Ni-Cr dental alloy.

Purpose: Nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) dental alloys have been widely used in prosthodontic practice, but there is a permanent concern about their biocompatibility due to the release of metal ions. This is especially important when Ni-Cr metal microparticles are incorporated into gingival tissue during prosthodontic procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the corrosion and cytotoxic properties of compact specimens and microparticles of Ni-Cr dental alloy.

Gate-voltage control of oxygen diffusion on graphene.

We analyze the diffusion of oxygen atoms on graphene and its dependence on the carrier density controlled by a gate voltage. We use density functional theory to determine the equilibrium adsorption sites, the transition state, and the attempt frequency for different carrier densities. The ease of diffusion is strongly dependent on carrier density.

Smoking habits of employees in public-health institutes.

Unlabelled: This study's aim is to gain the insight on smoking prevalence at the Institutes of Public Health in Serbia.

Method: All Institutes of Public Health in Serbia have participated in the study. All employees have participated in an epidemiology survey, which is used to collect data.

Active sites in graphene and the mechanism of CO2 formation in carbon oxidation.

Over the past decade we have witnessed a steady rise in contributions of computational quantum chemistry to the understanding of reactivity of carbon materials. Several litmus tests must be applied to this evolving body of work before it can be viewed with a sufficient degree of confidence. The results of a crucial test are presented here: formulation of thermodynamically and kinetically plausible paths for CO(2) formation in the deceivingly simple reaction C + (1 - y/2)O(2) = (1 - y)CO(2) + yCO.

On the chemical nature of graphene edges: origin of stability and potential for magnetism in carbon materials.

Heretofore disconnected experimental observations are combined with a theoretical study to develop a model of the chemical composition of the edges of graphene sheets in both flat and curved sp(2)-hybridized carbon materials. It is proposed that under ambient conditions a significant fraction of the oxygen-free edge sites are neither H-terminated nor unadulterated sigma free radicals, as universally assumed. The zigzag sites are carbene-like, with the triplet ground state being most common.

Reactivators of organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterase. Phenylhydroxymethyl and cyclohexylhydroxymethyl substituted bis-pyridinium monooximes.

Eleven isomeric phenylhydroxymethyl and cyclohexylhydroxymethyl derivatives of 1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinio)-3-(1-pyridinio)-2-oxapropane diiodide and 1-(4-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinio)-3-(1-pyridinio)-2-oxapropane diiodide were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods and pKa values. The inhibitory power (I50) of the investigated oximes was determined on purified bovine erythrocyte AChE and human erythrocyte AChE. Percentage of reactivation after 30 min was estimated after inhibition of human erythrocyte AChE by sarin, VX, and paraoxon.