Lower Preoperative Verbal Memory Performance Is Associated with Delirium after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Cognitive impairment constitutes one of the major risk factors of delirium after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery; however, it is unclear whether only patients with global cognitive decline are at increased risk for delirium or if individuals with preserved global cognitive functions but impairments in specific cognitive domains are also more vulnerable to developing delirium. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the neurocognitive status of patients scheduled for CABG surgery with the use of an advanced computerized cognitive battery (CNS Vital Signs) and to investigate possible associations between impaired performance in selective cognitive areas and the risk of postoperative delirium development.

Methods: The study enrolled 127 participants with a median age of 67 years (IQR: 63-71).

Pharmacotherapy of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: State of the Art and Future Progress.

The core symptoms of different dementia subtypes are the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and its neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). BPSD symptoms may occur at any stage in the case of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas they tend to occur early on in the case of its behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies and are essential for diagnosis. BPSD treatment consists of non-pharmacological as well as pharmacological interventions, with non-pharmacological interactions being suggested as first-line treatment.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is increased in elderly patients with first episode depression, but not in recurrent depression.

Association between inflammation and depression, especially in elderly patients, leads to conclusions about their shared influence on risk of cardiovascular disease and death. It might be found useful to predict those issues by monitoring inflammatory parameters, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The aim of this study was to determine the NLR in elderly patients with unipolar depression compared with non-depressed elderly patients.

Serotonergic drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (known also as neuropsychiatric symptoms) are essential features of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The near universal presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia (up to 90% of cases) has brought significant attention of clinicians and experts to the field. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are recommended for various types of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Benefits and risks of add-on therapies for Alzheimer's disease.

Despite three decades of intensive research, the efforts of scientific society and industry and the expenditures, numerous attempts to develop effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease have failed. Currently, approved and widely used medications to treat cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease are symptomatic only and show at best modest efficacy. In this context, the need to develop a successful, disease-modifying treatment is loudly expressed.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is considered to be the second most frequent primary degenerative dementing illness after Alzheimer's disease (AD). DLB, together with Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) belong to α-synucleinopathies--a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathological accumulation of the α-synuclein protein. Dementia due to PD and DLB shares clinical symptoms and neuropsychological profiles.

Clinical application of the Polish adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test in screening for cognitive impairment.

Material And Methods: A group of 115 subjects (36 meeting DSM-IV criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD) [Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) = 1], 42 meeting Petersen's criteria for MCI [CDR = 0.5], and 37 cognitively intact controls [CDR = 0]) was recruited for the study in the university-based Alzheimer out-patient clinic. All participants underwent general medical, neurological, and psychiatric examinations.

The influence of vascular risk factors on the survival rate of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) progres-ses more rapidly than Alzheimer disease (AD) and to compare survival after dementia onset and mortality in both dementia groups.

Material And Methods: A medical records analysis of AD (n = 183) and DLB (n = 51) patients was performed to determine age at onset of symptoms, the date of first presentation to the psychiatric services, dementia severity at diagnosis (MMSE score), and mean disease duration before diagnosis. Categorical data regarding vascular risk factors were collected.