Comparative pharmacology of analogues of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine on human platelets.

1. The effects of two new analogues of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), S-nitroso-N-formyl-DL-penicillamine (SNFP) and S-nitroso-DL-penicillamine (SNPL), on platelet function were examined in vitro. 2.

Paradoxical fate and biological action of peroxynitrite on human platelets.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which is formed from the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2-), has been suggested to be responsible for some of the cytotoxic effects of these molecules. When protonated, ONOO- gives rise to hydroxyl (OH.) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) radicals, which are capable of inducing tissue damage.

Effects of S-nitroso-glutathione in the human forearm circulation: evidence for selective inhibition of platelet activation.

Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet function. The clinical use of NO donors as inhibitors of platelet activation is limited by their concomitant hypotensive effect. S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) has a significant antiplatelet effect at doses that cause only a small decrease in blood pressure in rats.

Cognitive rehabilitation: advancing the stature of occupational therapy.

As occupational therapists, we can advance our stature in cognitive rehabilitation by first narrowing our scope of practice to become the team experts in compensatory strategy training, the domain of cognitive rehabilitation most consistent with our history and expertise. Supported and aided by our professional association, we must also intensify our contribution to this developing field through research and individual and professional involvement in transdisciplinary organizations. Increased involvement and leadership from occupational therapy promise to improve the prospect that cognitive rehabilitation services will improve day-to-day performance for survivors of brain injury.

Induction of nitric oxide release by interferon-gamma inhibits vasodilation and cyclic GMP increase in bovine isolated mesenteric arteries.

The influence of interferon (IFN)-gamma on vasodilation was examined in bovine isolated mesenteric arteries. Arterial rings were incubated with IFN-gamma (100 U ml-1) for 20 hr and subsequently the response to vasodilators was determined isometrically in an organ bath. Treatment with IFN-gamma markedly inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin and impaired vasodilation to nitroprusside, which was endothelium-independent.

Disruptions in the secretion of cortisol, prolactin, and certain cytokines in human African trypanosomiasis patients.

It has been shown previously that sleeping sickness at the stage of meningoencephalitis manifests itself as a significant disturbance in the circadian rhythm of sleep-wakefulness. The objective of the current study was to examine the extent of circadian disruption in infected patients by measuring 24 hours patterns of plasma cortisol, an example of a classical circadian rhythm relatively independent of sleep, and prolactin, a primarily sleep-related rhythm. Plasma levels of certain cytokines were also measured to examine the immunopathogenesis of human African trypanosomiasis.

Direct electrochemical measurement of nitric oxide released from human platelets.

A porphyrinic microsensor has been used to investigate the release of nitric oxide (NO) from human platelets in whole blood and in washed platelet suspensions. Basal release of NO was not detectable. Aggregation of platelets by collagen (1-15 micrograms/ml) but not by thrombin (0.

Platelet adhesion to human vascular endothelium is modulated by constitutive and cytokine induced nitric oxide.

Objective: The aim was to study whether basal or cytokine stimulated generation of nitric oxide (NO) modulates platelet adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Methods: The adhesion of 111In labelled human platelets to transfected HUVEC (SGHEC-7) was measured either alone or after incubation of SGHEC-7 cells for 18 h with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and/or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). The activity of NO synthase in these cells was measured by formation of citrulline.

Effects of sleep deprivation and exercise on glucose tolerance.

Previous studies suggest that sleep deprivation (SD) decreases glucose tolerance in humans. The present study examined the ability of 10 males to process a glucose load during two conditions separated by at least 10 d. Condition I consisted of sedentary daily activity and sleep deprivation (SDS).

Porcine ventricular endocardial cells in culture express the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase.

1. We have investigated whether porcine endocardial cells in culture express the inducible, Ca(2+)-independent form of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. 2.

Nitric oxide synthase activities in human myocardium.

Myocardial constitutive and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase activities were measured in right ventricular tissue from 17 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A significant activity of inducible enzyme was accompanied by a low activity of the constitutive NO synthase. Thus, the myocardium has the capacity to express both NO synthases.

S-nitroso-glutathione inhibits platelet activation in vitro and in vivo.

1. The effect of S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO), a stable nitrosothiol, on platelet activation was examined in vitro and in vivo. 2.

Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases in human megakaryoblastic cells.

Human megakaryoblastic cells (Meg-01) were found to possess constitutive and express inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase activities. The constitutive NO synthase was Ca+(+)- and NADPH-dependent, as is the NO synthase found previously in human platelets. Stimulation of Meg-01 cells by the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (0.

Aerobic fitness and hormonal responses to prolonged sleep deprivation and sustained mental work.

This study examined the influence of aerobic fitness on the responses of selected hormones to the combined stressors of sleep deprivation (SD) and sustained mental work. Six aerobically high fit (HF) (VO2max greater than 50 ml.kg-1.

Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: differential nitric oxide synthesis determines their ability to aggregate platelets.

The existence and role of an L-arginine:nitric oxide (NO) pathway in two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, SW-480 and SW-620, were investigated. Both cell lines, which derive from the same patient, SW-480 from the primary tumor and SW-620 from its metastatic lesion, were shown to have a cytosolic, Ca(2+)-independent, NADPH-dependent NO synthase, the activity of which was lower in the cytosol of SW-620. These cells were more potent inducers of platelet aggregation.

Tissue temperature profile in the human forearm during thermal stress at thermal stability.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a range of water temperatures (Tw from 15 to 36 degrees C) on the tissue temperature profile of the resting human forearm at thermal stability. Tissue temperature (Tti) was continuously monitored by a calibrated multicouple probe during 3 h of immersion of the forearm. The probe was implanted approximately 9 cm distal from the olecranon process along the ulnar ridge.

Heat debt during cold air exposure before and after cold water immersions.

Acclimation to cold can manifest itself in several different ways, insulative and metabolic being the most common. Bittel (J. Appl.

Cyclic intramuscular temperature fluctuations in the human forearm during cold-water immersion.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intramuscular temperature fluctuations in the human forearm immersed in water at 15 degrees C. Tissue temperature (Tt) was continuously monitored by a calibrated multicouple probe during 3 h immersion of the forearm. The probe was implanted approximately 90 mm distal from the olecranon process along the ulnar ridge.

Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of an inducible, but not the constitutive, nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells.

Vascular endothelial cells contain a constitutive nitric oxide (NO) synthase that is Ca2(+)-dependent. In addition, we have found that these cells express, after activation with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, an inducible Ca2(+)-independent NO synthase that is distinct from the constitutive enzyme. The generation of NO by this enzyme was detectable after a lag period of 2 hr, reached a maximum between 6 and 12 hr, and was maintained for the duration of the experiment (48 hr).

Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages.

The effect of glucocorticoids on the production of NO2- and NO by the macrophage cell line J774 was investigated. Stimulation of the cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a time-dependent accumulation of NO2- in the medium, reaching a plateau after 48h. Concomitant incubation of the cells for 24h with dexamethasone (0.