The causal association between maternal depression, anxiety, and infection in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental disorders among 410 461 children: a population study using quasi-negative control cohorts and sibling analysis.

Background: To address if the long-standing association between maternal infection, depression/anxiety in pregnancy, and offspring neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is causal, we conducted two negative-control studies.

Methods: Four primary care cohorts of UK children (pregnancy, 1 and 2 years prior to pregnancy, and siblings) born between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2017 were constructed. NDD included autism/autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy.

Optimal cut-offs of depression screening tools during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

Background: Studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The accuracy of screening tools may change with the prevalence and distribution of a disease in a population or sample: the "Spectrum Effect".

Methods: First, we selected commonly used screening tools and developed search strategies for the inclusion of original studies during the pandemic.

Representativeness in health research studies: an audit of Greater Manchester Clinical Research Network studies between 2016 and 2021.

Background: There are increasing concerns that participants in health research in the UK are not representative of the UK population, risking widening health inequities. However, detailed information on the magnitude of the problem is limited. Therefore, we evaluated if the health research conducted in the Greater Manchester region was broadly representative of its diverse population.

Dosimetric accuracy of three dose calculation algorithms for radiation therapy of in situ non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Background: Study determines differences in calculated dose distributions for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSC LC) patients. NSC LC cases were investigated, being the most common lung cancer treated by radiotherapy in our clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 15 NSCLC patient dose distributions originally calculated using standard superposition (SS) and recalculated using collapsed cone (CC ) and Monte Carlo (MC) based algorithm expressed as dose to medium in medium (MCD) and dose to water in medium (MCD) was performed so that prescribed dose covers at least 99% of the gross target volume (GTV).

Age- and sex-specific effects of obesity, metabolic syndrome and its components on back pain: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate age- and sex-specific effects of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on back pain in middle-aged and older English individuals.

Methods: We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, wave 2 (2004-2005). Body mass index (BMI) expressed the obesity, while MetS was defined according to revised Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria.

Specific body mass index trajectories were related to musculoskeletal pain and mortality: 19-year follow-up cohort.

Objective: We aimed to study 19-year body mass index (BMI) patterns and their (1) bidirectional relationship with musculoskeletal pain and (2) mortality risk.

Study Design And Setting: We used data from the Chingford study and group-based trajectory modelling to define 19-year BMI patterns. We investigated whether baseline back, hand, hip, and knee pain (as single- and multi-site) predicted 19-year BMI trajectory, and whether 19-year BMI patterns predicted pain in year 20.

Association of Lumbar Spine Radiographic Changes With Severity of Back Pain-Related Disability Among Middle-aged, Community-Dwelling Women.

Importance: Previous studies, using mostly cross-sectional data, provide conflicting evidence of an association between lumbar spine radiographic changes and the severity of back pain-related disability. Such conflicting evidence may be associated with widely unnecessary diagnostic imaging of the lumbar spine.

Objective: To examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between lumbar spine radiographic changes and the severity of back pain-related disability among middle-aged, community-dwelling women.

Rugby Health and Well-Being Study: protocol for a UK-wide survey with health data cross-validation.

Introduction: Rugby football (Union and League) provides physical activity (PA) with related physical and mental health benefits. However, as a collision sport, rugby research and media coverage predominantly focus on injuries in elite players while the overall impact on health and well-being remains unclear. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of the risks and benefits of rugby participation in a diverse sample of men and women, current and former rugby Union and League players from recreational to the elite level of play.

Review of research output of Australian and New Zealand colorectal surgeons over the past 20 years.

Objectives: High-quality research has a tangible impact on patient care and should inform all medical decision-makings. Appraising and benchmarking of research is necessary in evidence-based medicine and allocation of funding. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how evidence may be gathered by quantifying the amount and type of research by a group of surgeons over a 20-year period.

Expression of mitochondrial TSPO and FAM173B is associated with inflammation and symptoms in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives: To characterize the expression profiles of two nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes previously associated with chronic pain, the translocator protein (TSPO) and family with sequence similarity 173B (FAM173B), in different knee compartments from patients with painful knee OA. Also, to examine their association with the joint expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and clinical symptoms.

Methods: The study was performed on 40 knee OA patients and 19 postmortem (PM) controls from which we collected the knee tissues: articular cartilage (AC), synovial membrane (SM) and subchondral bone (SB).

Pain trajectory defines knee osteoarthritis subgroups: a prospective observational study.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease, and identification of its subgroups/phenotypes can improve patient treatment and drug development. We aimed to identify homogeneous OA subgroups/phenotypes using pain development over time; to understand the interplay between pain and functional limitation in time course; and to investigate subgroups' responses to available pharmacological and surgical treatments. We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify pain trajectories in the phase-3 VIDEO trial (n = 474, 3-year follow-up) and also in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort study (n = 4796, 9-year follow-up).

Review of 20 years of vascular surgery research in Australasia: Defining future directions.

Objectives: High-quality research is fundamental to the advancement of surgical practice. Currently, there is no quantitative assessment of the research output of vascular surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. By conducting this bibliometric analysis, we aim to provide an objective representation of the trends in vascular surgery and guide future research.

Penile cancer information on the internet: a needle in a haystack.

Introduction: Penile cancer is a disease with high morbidity and mortality and is rare in developed countries. In the developing world, the incidence is significantly higher, and accounts for 1-2% of malignant disease in men. Penile cancer is associated with delayed diagnosis, often due to psychological factors.

Left acute neovascular glaucoma after right carotid endarterectomy.

Carotid endarterectomy is a commonly performed vascular surgical procedure with well-known complications, such as stroke and nerve injury. Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is an exceedingly rare complication after carotid endarterectomy that can result in loss of vision. All previous reports of NVG after carotid endarterectomy have occurred on the same side as the carotid surgery; in this report, we present a case of left-sided NVG after right carotid endarterectomy for contralateral ocular ischemic syndrome.

Comparison of calculated dose distributions reported as dose-to-water and dose-to-medium for intensity-modulated radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer patients.

Advanced dose calculation algorithms for radiation therapy treatment planning can report external beam photon dose 2-sided, in terms of dose-to-medium (D) and dose-to-water (D). The purpose of our study was to determinate the effect of D and D reporting modes built in Elekta Monaco treatment planning system on intensity-modulated radiotherapy dose distributions for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. For 13 patients involved in this retrospective study, 2 plans were created: 1 using D and another according to D reporting mode.

Mitochondrial estrogen receptors as a vulnerability factor of chronic stress and mediator of fluoxetine treatment in female and male rat hippocampus.

Depression is a disease of an abnormal brain energy metabolism also marked with increased apoptosis in specific brain regions. Mounting evidence indicates that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis are novel targets for the actions of estrogen receptors (ERs). In this study, we examined the effects of antidepressant (AD) fluoxetine (FLU) treatment on the mitochondrial ER alpha (ERα), ER beta (total and phospho-pERβ) and their association with cytochrome c (cyt c) oxidase activity and apoptotic Bcl2/Bax-molecules in the hippocampal mitochondria of chronically isolated (CPSI) female and male rats depicting depression.