Leukaemic Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with Treated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Optical Coherence Tomography as an Aid to Diagnosis.

Leukaemic optic neuropathy is an uncommon cause of visual loss which represents a neuro-oncological emergency with the potential of irreversible blindness if untreated. It can be difficult to diagnose, often presenting with normal neuroradiological and cerebrospinal fluid findings. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with optic neuropathy secondary to leukaemic infiltration, who demonstrated features on optical coherence tomography that aided the diagnosis of this condition.

A Multisite Longitudinal Investigation of Psychological Outcomes Following Cataract Surgery in India.

Background: Systematic data on mental health issues among adults with cataracts are not available from India. This study explored the impact of cataract surgery on depressive and generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms in an adult Indian sample.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted.

Depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms in adults awaiting cataract surgery in India.

Background Systematic data on mental health issues among adults awaiting cataract treatment are not readily available in India. We explored the prevalence and predictors of depressive and generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms in a cohort of adults awaiting cataract surgery. Methods Our study is based on data from baseline assessments which were conducted as part of a multicentre prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Patterns of risk for diabetic retinopathy in the Mumbai slums: The Aditya Jyot Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban Mumbai Slums Study (AJ-DRUMSS) Report 3.

Diabetes onset precedes diabetic retinopathy (DR) by 5-10 years, but many people with diabetes remain free of this microvascular complication. Our aim was to identify risk factors for DR progression in a unique and diverse population, the slums of Mumbai. We performed a nested case-control study of 1163 diabetics over 40 years of age from slums in 18 wards of Mumbai.

Impact of individual counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of type 2 diabetics regarding diabetic retinopathy: The Aditya Jyot Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban Mumbai Slums Study - Report 3.

Purpose: Baseline knowledge and attitudes regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) have not been previously reported for type 2 diabetes mellitus adults (T2DM) in Dharavi, one of the largest slums in Mumbai. Furthermore, a pre- and post-intervention survey study regarding this topic has not been conducted to date in Dharavi. This pre- and post-intervention survey study analyzes the impacts of DR counseling sessions administered individually on the knowledge and attitudes of T2DM participants recruited from Dharavi.

Use of offline artificial intelligence in a smartphone-based fundus camera for community screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the reliability of an offline artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for community screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: A total of 1378 patients with diabetes visiting public dispensaries under the administration of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai between August 2018 and September 2019 were enrolled for the study. Fundus images were captured by non-specialist operators using a smartphone-based camera covering the posterior pole, including the disc and macula, and the nasal and temporal fields.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Community-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening With an Offline Artificial Intelligence System on a Smartphone.

Importance: Offline automated analysis of retinal images on a smartphone may be a cost-effective and scalable method of screening for diabetic retinopathy; however, to our knowledge, assessment of such an artificial intelligence (AI) system is lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of Medios AI (Remidio), a proprietary, offline, smartphone-based, automated system of analysis of retinal images, to detect referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) in images taken by a minimally trained health care worker with Remidio Non-Mydriatic Fundus on Phone, a smartphone-based, nonmydriatic retinal camera. Referable diabetic retinopathy is defined as any retinopathy more severe than mild diabetic retinopathy, with or without diabetic macular edema.

Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)'s multidimensional approach on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units in 22 hospitals of 14 cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Multidimensional Approach (IMA) and use of INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates in Saudi Arabia from September 2013 to February 2017.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective, before-after surveillance study on 14,961 patients in 37 intensive care units (ICUs) of 22 hospitals. During baseline, we performed outcome surveillance of VAP applying the definitions of the CDC/NHSN.

Comparison of the Endosaver with noninjector techniques in Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: Minimal loss of corneal endothelial cells during corneal transplantation is a major target but remains a point of controversy among specialists. Hence, the available method to best achieve this continues to stir progress in the field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of the Endosaver injector device for graft insertion in Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) and compare the visual outcomes and endothelial cell survival between the Endosaver injector and Goosey grasping forceps insertion techniques.

Infiltrative local anesthesia with articaine is equally as effective as inferior alveolar nerve block with lidocaine for the removal of erupted molars.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline given as buccal and lingual infiltration in adult patients undergoing erupted mandibular first and second molar teeth extraction versus inferior alveolar nerve block technique using 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 patients undergoing extraction of mandibular posterior teeth were divided into two equally matched groups for the study, out of which 50 patients were given 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline as buccal and lingual infiltration and 50 patients were given 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline using classic direct inferior alveolar nerve block with lingual and buccal nerve block. Efficacy of anesthesia was determined using a numeric analog scale (NAS) ranging from 0 indicating no pain to 10 indicating the worst pain imaginable.

BILATERAL METASTATIC CUTANEOUS MELANOMA TO RETINA AND VITREOUS AFTER IPILIMUMAB TREATED WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND RADIOTHERAPY.

Purpose: To report a patient with bilateral metastatic cutaneous melanoma to the retina and vitreous presenting as a right panuveitis.

Methods: A 63-year-old woman with metastatic malignant cutaneous melanoma treated with ipilimumab and prolonged high-dose steroids presented with a right panuveitis and right blurred vision. Dilated fundus examination revealed bilateral, off-white, large, globular vitreous opacities and bilateral retinal lesions.

Retrospective evaluation of airway management with blind awake intubation in temporomandibular joint ankylosis patients: A review of 48 cases.

Aim: The aim was to determine the morbidity or mortality associated with the blind awake intubation technique in temporomandibular ankylosis patients.

Settings And Design: A total of 48 cases with radiographically and clinically confirmed cases of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis were included in the study for evaluation of anesthetic management and its complications.

Materials And Methods: Airway assessment was done with standard proforma including Look externally, evaluate 3-3-2 rule, Mallampati classification, Obstruction, Neck mobility (LEMON) score assessment in all TMJ ankylosis patients.

Immunosuppression for ipilimumab-related toxicity can cause pneumonia but spare antitumor immune control.

Ipilimumab is a standard therapy for advanced melanoma. Severe immune related adverse events occur in up to 30% of patients and require treatment with immunosuppressants such as steroids or the anti-TNFα antibody, infliximab. We describe two patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab.

VITREOMACULAR TRACTION AFFECTS ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT OUTCOMES FOR EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of vitreomacular traction (VMT) on visual acuity outcomes and central retinal thickness (CRT) measurements after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this retrospective series, the authors evaluate the clinical records and optical coherence tomography of 34 eyes of 32 patients, with VMT confirmed on optical coherence tomography at baseline, to assess the effects of VMT on anti-VEGF therapy for newly diagnosed exudative wet AMD. Best-corrected visual acuity at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and CRT at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months were assessed.

Evaluation of the efficacy of tranexamic acid on blood loss in orthognathic surgery. A prospective, randomized clinical study.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind study was to assess the effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss, quality of surgical field and duration of surgery in adolescent orthognathic surgery patients. 50 consecutive patients, scheduled for orthognathic surgery were included. The study group (n=25) received tranexamic acid 10mg/kg as a bolus preoperatively followed by 1mg/kg as a maintenance dose intra operatively; the control group (n=25) received placebo (normal saline).

Submacular haemorrhage after intravitreal bevacizumab compared with intravitreal ranibizumab in large occult choroidal neovascularization.

Background: Submacular haemorrhage may occur following intravitreal bevacizumab injection for large occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We report the occurrence of submacular haemorrhage following intravitreal ranibizumab compared with intravitreal bevacizumab for large occult CNV in AMD.

Methods: Retrospective, comparative evaluation of two interventional case series.