Ethnic-Based Assessment of Vitamin D and Magnesium Status in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major global health problem. Most previous studies focused attention on the significant role of sunlight exposure in the homeostasis of vitamin D and calcium blood levels. Magnesium is pivotal in the proper functioning of vitamin D, and the physiologic functions of different organs require a balanced vitamin D and magnesium status.

Neuroprotective effects of Coenzyme Q10 in ischemia-reperfusion injury via inflammation and oxidative stress reduction in adult male rats.

This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced neuronal damage and explore the underlying mechanisms. Twenty-eight adult male rats, weighing approximately 200-300 grams, were randomly divided into four groups: the sham group (neck dissection without ischemia), the control group (30 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by one hour of reperfusion), the vehicle group (oral carboxymethylcellulose solution for seven days prior to bilateral common carotid artery ligation and reperfusion), and the treatment group (seven days of coenzyme Q10 pretreatment followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion). Histopathological analysis and measurement of brain infarct size were performed, and cerebral levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, ICAM-1, NF-κB p65, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed.

Emerging pneumococcal serotypes in Iraq: scope for improved vaccine development.

Pneumococcal disease is a global public health concern as it affects the young, aged and the immunocompromised. The development of pneumococcal vaccines and their incorporation in the immunization programs has helped to reduce the global burden of disease. However, serotype replacement and the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes as well as the persistence of a few vaccine serotypes underscores the need for development of new and effective vaccines against such pneumococcal serotypes.

Home versus Clinic Blood Pressure Monitoring: Evaluating Applicability in Hypertension Management via Telemedicine.

Hypertension is a significant public health concern in Saudi Arabia, affecting 28.6% of the population. Despite the availability of effective treatments, optimal blood pressure control is not always achieved, highlighting the need for effective management strategies.

Real-world evidence study on tolerance and growth in infants fed an infant formula with two human milk oligosaccharides vs mixed fed and exclusively breastfed infants.

Introduction: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important components of human milk having diverse functions in the development of infants. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that infant formulas with the HMOs 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) are safe, well-tolerated, and support normal growth. This study aimed to generate real-world evidence (RWE) on growth and gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance in infants consuming a formula with 1 g/L 2'FL and 0.

A Rare Concurrence of Myelodysplastic Neoplasia and Tetrasomy 8 in a 3-Year-Old Bahraini Male.

Myelodysplastic neoplasia (MDS) is a group of stem cell disorders involving ineffective hematopoiesis. It can be associated with an increased risk of progression toward acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In Bahrain, MDS is the fifth most common primary hematologic malignancy.

Physicochemical Characterization of Thermally Processed Goose Bone Ash for Bone Regeneration.

Goose bone is traditionally applied for many ailments including bone fractures. Goose bone that consists of calcium phosphate plays a major role in bone regeneration. In this study, the production of goose bone ash (GBA) was translated from a traditional process into one of a laboratory scale via thermal and mechanical methods.

Molecular insights into hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis: NGS uncovers multiple potential candidate genes.

Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) and pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) are considered a group of hemolytic anemias (HE/HPP) due to inherited abnormalities of erythrocyte membrane proteins with a worldwide distribution. Most cases are associated with molecular abnormalities linked to spectrin, band 4.1, and ankyrin.

The Role of Hyposthenuria in Enuresis Among Paediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease.

Objectives: Enuresis is common among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Many risk factors have been postulated, but its relation to hyposthenuria is debatable. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of enuresis in children with SCD in Basrah, Iraq, and to examine its relation with hyposthenuria.

The epidemiological pattern of seasonal influenza in four sentinel sites in Iraq.

Introduction: Influenza is an acute viral infection with significant morbidity and mortality. It occurs annually each winter, which is called seasonal influenza, and is preventable through safe vaccine.

Aim: The aim of this work is to know the epidemiological pattern of patients with seasonal influenza in Iraqi sentinel sites.

POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NIMODIPINE FROM CEREBRAI ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS.

Objective: The aim: To see whether nimodipine had neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A total of 28 adult male Sprauge-dawley rats weighting 200-300 g were distributed randomly into 4 groups (7 animals in each group): sham (neck dissection without bilateral common carotid artery occlusion), control (bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 1 hour), vehicle (7 days of daily carboxymethylcellulose by oral gavage followed by bilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion), and nimodipine-treated rats (7 days of 3 mg/kg/day of oral Azelnidipine pretreatment then bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion). Besides assessment of histological changes and brain infarct volume, the brain tissues were sectioned to estimate NF-κB p65, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and total anti-oxidant capacity.

Potential protective effects of Azelnidipine against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats.

This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Azelnidipine in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and to envisage its mechanisms. Twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g were randomized into 4 groups (7 rats in each group). Sham (neck dissection without bilateral common carotid artery occlusion), control (30 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion for 1 hour), vehicle (identical volume of 0.

Uncommon Presentation of COVID-19 With Long Incubation Period and Only Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Fully Vaccinated Patient: Is There a Relation?

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease that caused a worldwide pandemic in December 2019. It affected millions of people across the world and forced nations to lockdown their borders and implement curfews to control the spread of the disease. Unusual manifestations of the disease should be reported and be kept in mind among physicians.

Effect of Intravenous Abciximab on Coronary Flow Improvement After Re-vascularization in Primary Coronary Intervention and Short Term Impact.

Introduction: Of recognized fact the importance of early diagnosis and early management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction, to regain a normal or at least adequate coronary flow in the Primary Percutaneous Intervention. Slow or no-reflow is suboptimal myocardial reperfusion, without angiographic evidence of mechanical obstruction. Adenosine, Verapamil and saline flush are manoeuvres proved useful.

Triboelectric Nanogenerator versus Piezoelectric Generator at Low Frequency (<4 Hz): A Quantitative Comparison.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and piezoelectric generators (PGs) are generally considered the two most common approaches for harvesting ambient mechanical energy that is ubiquitous in our everyday life. The main difference between the two generators lies in their respective working frequency range. Despite the remarkable progress, there has been no quantitative studies on the operating frequency band of the two generators at frequency values below 4 Hz, typical of human motion.

Injuries Reported by Selected Health Facilities During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Babel Governorate, Iraq, 2014: Retrospective Records Analysis.

Background: Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering in Iraq. The conditions associated with mass gatherings result in high rates of injury. There have been no prior studies on injuries during the Arbaeenia mass gathering.

Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerators in the Era of the Internet of Things.

Since their debut in 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attained high performance in terms of both energy density and instantaneous conversion, reaching up to 500 W m and 85%, respectively, synchronous with multiple energy sources and hybridized designs. Here, a comprehensive review of the design guidelines of TENGs, their performance, and their designs in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) applications is presented. The development stages of TENGs in large-scale self-powered systems and technological applications enabled by harvesting energy from water waves or wind energy sources are also reviewed.

Microscopic and Macroscopic Properties of Carbohydrate Solutions in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Acetate.

Solutions of glucose, cellobiose, and microcrystalline cellulose in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) have been examined using low-field (20 MHz) NMR relaxometry and rheology. The spin-lattice ( T) and spin-spin ( T) relaxation times have been determined from 30 to 70 °C inclusive, for a range of concentrations (0-15 wt %) of each carbohydrate in [C2mim][OAc]. The zero shear rate viscosities for the same samples across the same temperature range were studied.

Spectrum of lymphoma in Bahrain. A retrospective analysis according to the World Health Organization classification.

To determine the spectrum of various types of lymphoma in Bahrain according to the latest World Health Organization classification criteria.  Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for all new lymphoma cases diagnosed at Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain during the period from January 2010 to December 2015.  Results: Two hundred and twenty-one new cases of lymphoma in Bahraini patients were diagnosed in the study period.

Self-adaptive Bioinspired Hummingbird-wing Stimulated Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Bio-inspired technologies have remarkable potential for energy harvesting from clean and sustainable energy sources. Inspired by the hummingbird-wing structure, we propose a shape-adaptive, lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) designed to exploit the unique flutter mechanics of the hummingbird for small-scale wind energy harvesting. The flutter is confined between two surfaces for contact electrification upon oscillation.

Frequencies and phenotypic consequences of association of α- and β-thalassemia alleles with sickle-cell disease in Bahrain.

Introduction: Bahrain has high prevalence rates of sickle cell and thalassemia in the population. This study reports the frequencies and phenotypic characteristics of α- and/or β-thalassemia associated with sickle-cell disease (SCD) in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: Adult SCD patients (n = 200) were screened for the common α- and β-thalassemia alleles prevalent in the region using molecular techniques.

The Effect of Hydroxyurea Therapy in Bahraini Sickle Cell Disease Patients.

Hydroxyurea (HU) is used as a disease-modifying agent in sickle cell disease (SCD). Its beneficial effects have been ascribed to inhibition of the sickling process through increase of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and influence on multiple factors affecting adhesion of erythrocytes to vascular endothelium. The present study investigates the effect of HU in SCD patients who were grouped on the basis of association with α- and β-thalassemia using routine laboratory methods.

Safeguarding the welfare of children: what is the nurse's role?

Everyone who works with children, including teachers, GPs, other medical professionals and the police, has a responsibility to keep children safe and protect them from harm. Simply put, safeguarding children is everyone's responsibility. Children should be protected from maltreatment and any impairment that may affect their health and development.

Management of common behaviour and mental health problems.

Behavioural problems are usually influenced by both biological and environmental factors. Disruptive behavioural problems such temper tantrums or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are displayed during the first years of childhood. Breath-holding attacks are relatively common and are an important problem.