An Analysis of Essential Pediatric Surgical Cases Encountered During a Decade of Large-Scale Military Humanitarian Aid Missions.

Introduction: Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition (DCP3) is an evidence-based, published resource that outlines essential procedures recommended for developing health care systems. These systems must consider various populations and the incidence of certain surgical conditions that require treatment. In relation to pediatric patients, the prevalence of certain surgical conditions encountered remains unclear in several low- and middle-income countries.

Spontaneous Pneumopericardium in a U.S. Marine: Do not Lose Heart.

We report an unusual case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium identified in an otherwise healthy U.S. Marine who was enrolled in the Marine Corps School of Infantry.

Macrophage reprogramming by negatively charged membrane phospholipids controls infection.

Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) are heterogeneous membrane-enclosed structures containing proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that participate in intercellular communication by transferring their contents to recipient cells. Although most of the attention has been directed at the biologic effect of proteins and microRNA, the contribution of phospholipids present in ECVs on cellular activation has not been extensively addressed. We investigated the biologic effect of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), 2 phospholipids highly abundant in ECVs.

Isolation and characterization of human urine extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (ECV) reflect physiological or pathological conditions, emerging as potential biomarkers for disease. They can be obtained from a variety of body fluids, particularly urine that is an ideal source because it can be obtained in great quantities, recurrently and with minimal intervention. However, the characterization of urine ECV is challenging because the preparation is usually contaminated with soluble proteins, such as uromodulin (UMOD) or Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein that forms large extracellular filaments co-sedimenting with ECV.

Why Antibiotic Treatment Is Not Enough for Sepsis Resolution: an Evaluation in an Experimental Animal Model.

Sepsis remains a major health problem at the levels of mortality, morbidity, and economic burden to the health care system, a condition that is aggravated by the development of secondary conditions such as septic shock and multiple-organ failure. Our current understanding of the etiology of human sepsis has advanced, at least in part, due to the use of experimental animal models, particularly the model of cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). Antibiotic treatment has been commonly used in this model to closely mirror the treatment of human septic patients.

Ketorolac does not reduce effectiveness of pleurodesis in pediatric patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Purpose: Antiinflammatory medications are thought to reduce the effectiveness of pleurodesis performed for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. We reviewed our experience with children undergoing video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) with pleurodesis for pneumothorax to determine if ketorolac administration influences patient outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent VATS pleurodesis for spontaneous pneumothorax from 2009 to 2013 at a pediatric hospital was performed.