Quantitative and qualitative analysis of palatal rugae patterns in Gujarati population: A retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Palatal rugae are irregular and nonidentical mucosal elevations seen on the anterior third of palate. They are arranged in transverse direction on either side of the median palatine raphe (MPR) and are protected from high temperature and trauma because of their rational position in the oral cavity. Their number and patterns are not uniform in all the individuals, and they appear to vary in different population subsets.

What are the best estimates of pediatric asthma control?

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate asthma outcome measures in the face of the variable nature of asthma. The outcome measures are divided into objective and subjective clinical measures, humanistic measures such as quality of life, and costs of asthma control.

Recent Findings: Objective measures of asthma include those traditionally used such as spirometry, peak expiratory flow rate, and airway hyperresponsiveness.

Research upregulation of CD23 (FcepsilonRII) expression in human airway smooth muscle cells (huASMC) in response to IL-4, GM-CSF, and IL-4/GM-CSF.

Background: Airway smooth muscle cells play a key role in remodeling that contributes to airway hyperreactivity. Airway smooth muscle remodeling includes hypertrophy and hyperplasia. It has been previously shown that the expression of CD23 on ASMC in rabbits can be induced by the IgE component of the atopic serum.