HIV-1 exploits LBPA-dependent intraepithelial trafficking for productive infection of human intestinal mucosa.

The gastrointestinal tract is a prominent portal of entry for HIV-1 during sexual or perinatal transmission, as well as a major site of HIV-1 persistence and replication. Elucidation of underlying mechanisms of intestinal HIV-1 infection are thus needed for the advancement of HIV-1 curative therapies. Here, we present a human 2D intestinal immuno-organoid system to model HIV-1 disease that recapitulates tissue compartmentalization and epithelial-immune cellular interactions.

Materials Acceleration Platforms (MAPs): Accelerating Materials Research and Development to Meet Urgent Societal Challenges.

Climate Change and Materials Criticality challenges are driving urgent responses from global governments. These global responses drive policy to achieve sustainable, resilient, clean solutions with Advanced Materials (AdMats) for industrial supply chains and economic prosperity. The research landscape comprising industry, academe, and government identified a critical path to accelerate the Green Transition far beyond slow conventional research through Digital Technologies that harness Artificial Intelligence, Smart Automation and High Performance Computing through Materials Acceleration Platforms, MAPs.

Addressing cost barriers to healthy eating with Eat Well, a prescription produce subsidy, for patients with diabetes and at risk for food insecurity: Study protocol for a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with diabetes at risk of food insecurity face cost barriers to healthy eating and, as a result, poor health outcomes. Population health management strategies are needed to improve food security in real-world health system settings. We seek to test the effect of a prescription produce program, 'Eat Well' on cardiometabolic health and healthcare utilization.

Dengue virus exploits autophagy vesicles and secretory pathways to promote transmission by human dendritic cells.

Dengue virus (DENV), transmitted by infected mosquitoes, is a major public health concern, with approximately half the world's population at risk for infection. Recent decades have increasing incidence of dengue-associated disease alongside growing frequency of outbreaks. Although promising progress has been made in anti-DENV immunizations, post-infection treatment remains limited to non-specific supportive treatments.

Autophagy-enhancing ATG16L1 polymorphism is associated with improved clinical outcome and T-cell immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection.

Chronic HIV-1 infection is characterized by T-cell dysregulation that is partly restored by antiretroviral therapy. Autophagy is a critical regulator of T-cell function. Here, we demonstrate a protective role for autophagy in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis.

Adaptation to Telehealth of Personalized Group Visits for Late Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Key Points: Improving late stage diabetic kidney disease care requires adapting evidence-based, self-management programs for telehealth delivery. We adapted and pilot-tested a telehealth approach and found it to be feasible. Preliminary data suggested it improved relevant health and patient-recorded outcomes.

Combined inactivation of RB and Hippo converts differentiating Drosophila photoreceptors into eye progenitor cells through derepression of homothorax.

The retinoblastoma (RB) and Hippo pathways interact to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanism of interaction is not fully understood. Drosophila photoreceptors with inactivated RB and Hippo pathways specify normally but fail to maintain their neuronal identity and dedifferentiate.

Top-down input modulates visual context processing through an interneuron-specific circuit.

Visual stimuli that deviate from the current context elicit augmented responses in the primary visual cortex (V1). These heightened responses, known as "deviance detection," require local inhibition in the V1 and top-down input from the anterior cingulate area (ACa). Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which the ACa and V1 interact to support deviance detection.

Combined inactivation of RB and Hippo pathways converts differentiating photoreceptors into eye progenitor cells through derepression of .

The RB and Hippo pathways interact to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. However, their mechanism of interaction is not fully understood. photoreceptors with inactivated RB and Hippo pathways specify normally but fail to maintain neuronal identity and dedifferentiate.

Berbamine suppresses intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection via a BNIP3-dependent autophagy blockade.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, continues to threaten global public health. COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease, causing not only respiratory distress, but also extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in stool long after respiratory clearance. Despite global vaccination and existing antiviral treatments, variants of concern are still emerging and circulating.

A frontosensory circuit for visual context processing is synchronous in the theta/alpha band.

Visual processing is strongly influenced by context. Stimuli that deviate from contextual regularities elicit augmented responses in primary visual cortex (V1). These heightened responses, known as "deviance detection," require both inhibition local to V1 and top-down modulation from higher areas of cortex.

The Association of Olfactory Impairment with Charcot Neuroarthropathy and Possible Links to Causation.

Background: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a devastating complication of some diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system. Initial subjective and objective presentation of the disease can be variable. Common among all presentations seems to be uncontrolled inflammation yielding dislocations and/or fractures.

A Tailored SMS Text Message-Based Intervention to Facilitate Patient Access to Referred Community-Based Social Needs Resources: Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study.

Background: Health care providers are increasingly screening patients for unmet social needs (eg, food, housing, transportation, and social isolation) and referring patients to relevant community-based resources and social services. Patients' connection to referred services is often low, however, suggesting the need for additional support to facilitate engagement with resources. SMS text messaging presents an opportunity to address barriers related to contacting resources in an accessible, scalable, and low-cost manner.

Addressing Hypertension Outcomes Using Telehealth and Population Health Managers: Adaptations and Implementation Considerations.

Purpose Of Review: There is a growing evidence base describing population health approaches to improve blood pressure control. We reviewed emerging trends in hypertension population health management and present implementation considerations from an intervention called Team-supported, Electronic health record-leveraged, Active Management (TEAM). By doing so, we highlight the role of population health managers, practitioners who use population level data and to proactively engage at-risk patients, in improving blood pressure control.

Assessing Vaccine Hesitancy Among Pediatric Healthcare Providers.

Background: Vaccine compliance has fallen short of national and international targets, generating preventable disease outbreaks. While vaccine hesitancy in the general public is a factor in under-vaccination, vaccine hesitancy among healthcare providers remains an underrecognized obstacle to pediatric vaccine completion.

Objective: The aim of this quality improvement study was to assess provider attitudes and practices regarding vaccine efficacy, safety, adverse effects, and recommendations.

Patients' Experiences With and Gram-Negative Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: Results From Cognitive Interviews to Inform Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life.

Background: We previously conducted a concept elicitation study on the impact of S and gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (SAB/GNB) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from the patient's perspective and found significant impacts on HRQoL, particularly in the physical and functional domains. Using this information and following guidance on the development of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, we determined which combination of measures and items (ie, specific questions) would be most appropriate in a survey assessing HRQoL in bloodstream infections.

Methods: We selected a variety of measures/items from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) representing different domains.

A quantitative analysis of accuracy, reliability and bias in judgements of functional analyses.

Functional analysis can be considered a diagnostic assessment that behavior analysts use to determine behavioral function. Such a diagnosis ultimately requires a yes or no decision (i.e.

Synthetic extracellular matrices with tailored adhesiveness and degradability support lumen formation during angiogenic sprouting.

A major deficit in tissue engineering strategies is the lack of materials that promote angiogenesis, wherein endothelial cells from the host vasculature invade the implanted matrix to form new blood vessels. To determine the material properties that regulate angiogenesis, we have developed a microfluidic in vitro model in which chemokine-guided endothelial cell sprouting into a tunable hydrogel is followed by the formation of perfusable lumens. We show that long, perfusable tubes only develop if hydrogel adhesiveness and degradability are fine-tuned to support the initial collective invasion of endothelial cells and, at the same time, allow for matrix remodeling to permit the opening of lumens.

Single-cell transcriptional changes associated with drug tolerance and response to combination therapies in cancer.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors were found to be clinically effective for treatment of patients with certain subsets of cancers carrying somatic mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases. However, the duration of clinical response is often limited, and patients ultimately develop drug resistance. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate the existence of multiple cancer cell subpopulations within cell lines, xenograft tumors and patient tumors.

Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning.

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persists as a global health concern, with an incidence rate of approximately 2 million, and estimated global prevalence of over 35 million. Combination antiretroviral treatment is highly effective, but HIV-1 patients that have been treated still suffer from chronic inflammation and residual viral replication. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutically efficacious strategies to eradicate viral reservoirs and ultimately develop a cure for HIV-1.

Autophagy-enhancing drugs limit mucosal HIV-1 acquisition and suppress viral replication ex vivo.

Current direct-acting antiviral therapies are highly effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication. However, mucosal inflammation undermines prophylactic treatment efficacy, and HIV-1 persists in long-lived tissue-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4 T cells of treated patients. Host-directed strategies are an emerging therapeutic approach to improve therapy outcomes in infectious diseases.

Patients' Experiences With Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Qualitative Descriptive Study and Concept Elicitation Phase To Inform Measurement of Patient-reported Quality of Life.

Background: Although Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (SAB/GNB) cause substantial morbidity, little is known regarding patient perceptions' of their impact on quality of life (QOL). Guidance for assessing QOL and disease-specific measures are lacking. We conducted a descriptive qualitative study to gain an in-depth understanding of patients' experiences with SAB/GNB and concept elicitation phase to inform a patient-reported QOL outcome measure.

Low Uptake of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Respiratory Tract Infections in an Urban Safety Net Hospital.

Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed with the aim of providing accurate results in a timely manner. Despite this, studies report that provider uptake remains low.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of ambulatory, urgent care, and emergency department (ED) encounters at an urban safety net hospital with a primary diagnosis of an upper or lower respiratory tract infection (eg, bronchitis, pharyngitis, acute sinusitis) from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018.