Background: Surgical treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) yields highest expectations for recovery. However, the frequency of further disease progression remains high since micro-metastatic disease may be undetected by conventional diagnostic methods. We test the presence and prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood (PB), tumor-draining pulmonary blood (TDB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from NSCLC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis prospective population-based study on a group of 132 resected IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt) glioblastoma (GBM) patients assesses the prognostic and predictive value of selected genetic biomarkers and clinical factors for GBM as well as the dependence of these values on the applied therapeutic modalities. The patients were treated in our hospital between June 2006 and June 2015. Clinical data and tumor samples were analyzed to determine the frequencies of TP53, MDM2, EGFR, RB1, BCR, and CCND1 gene aberrations and the duplication/deletion statuses of the 9p21.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are considered a morphologically heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas characterized by the absence or low protein expression of hormone receptors and HER2/neu/ERBB2 with a specific biological behavior and therapeutic response. This study aimed to evaluate correlations of the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes/plasmocytes (TILs) in the tumor parenchyma, stroma, and invasive margins with tumor morphology, the proliferation rate, Bcl-2 expression, and selected clinical and pathological parameters in early breast cancer patients prior to mastectomy who had not received initial chemotherapy.
Materials And Methods: Samples of 3,544 breast cancer patients investigated in our department between 2007 and 2017 were re-examined.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% to 20% of breast cancer cases and is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. Though TNBC is a highly heterogenic and aggressive disease, TNBC patients have better response to neoadjuvant therapy compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Nevertheless, patients with residual disease have a very poor prognosis, with higher probability of relapse and lower overall survival in the first years after diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo date, no comprehensive prognostic or predictive marker profiling analysis has been performed in association with the age of patients with breast cancer. In the present study, 632 breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed for expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein, HER2 gene amplification, proliferation [as evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 index], tumor grade, histological type and molecular subtype. The data revealed correlations with the age of patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEligibility to anti-HER2 therapy for breast tumors strictly depends on demonstrating HER2 overexpression (by immunohistochemistry) or HER2 gene amplification by in situ hybridization (ISH), usually defined by the ratio of HER2 gene to chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) copies. However, the CEP17 copy number increase (CNI) has been proven responsible for misleading HER2 FISH results and recent small cohort studies suggest that chromosome 17 polysomy is actually very rare. Here we investigated by FISH the frequency of true chromosome 17 polysomy in a consecutive cohort of 5,477 invasive breast cancer patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdministration of drugs targeting HER2 (official symbol ERBB2) is an important component of therapy for breast cancer patients with HER2 amplification/overexpression as determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In approximately 5% of breast cancers, ISH assays fail. In these cases, HER2 protein expression is evaluated by IHC alone that may yield false negatives/positives for poor-quality samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeither targeted therapies nor predictors for chemotherapy sensitivity are available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our study included 187 patients with TNBC, 164 of whom were treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven molecular biomarkers were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Surg Oncol
December 2014
Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are extremely rare in the lung and especially in adult women. We describe a case of PNET of the lung with aggressive behavior in 31-year-old woman. Diagnosis was based on histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of chromosome rearrangements in the EWSR1 gene region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver the past few years, new biomarkers have allowed a deeper insight into gliomagenesis and facilitated the identification of possible targets for glioma therapy. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and IDH2 mutations have been shown to be promising biomarkers for monitoring disease prognosis and predicting the response to treatment. This review summarizes recent findings in this field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant tumor typically affecting children, occurs only exceptionally in adults. Multifocal presentation of this malignancy in adulthood is even much rarer—only four cases with favorable postoperative course have been reported, so far. The study illustrates a very rare rapid postoperative clinical deterioration due to diffuse cerebellar swelling (DCS) in an adult multifocal MB (MMB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
June 2013
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer that is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Several predictive markers have been found in NSCLC patients to date but only a few are currently used for tailored therapy.
Methods And Results: PubMed and Web of Science online databases were used to search review and original articles on the most important predictive markers in NSCLC.
Aims And Background: Lapatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptors 1 (EGFR/HER1) and 2 (HER2) used in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine lapatinib plasma levels in breast cancer patients treated with lapatinib plus capecitabine.
Patients And Methods: We assessed lapatinib plasma levels in blood samples from 21 breast cancer patients treated with lapatinib plus capecitabine using the standard regimen in an expanded access program.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
December 2010
Background: Breast cancer treatment trends are currently based on tailored therapies using tumor and patient biomarkers. Lapatinib is the first dual inhibitor of HER1 (EGFR, ErbB1) and HER2 (ErbB2, Neu) tyrosine kinases to be used in clinical practice. However, only HER2 is currently used for therapy indications and new predictors for the treatment with lapatinib are sought.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare tumour of the skin that predominantly affects elderly or immunocompromised patients. The malignant transformation of Merkel cells is currently considered to be related to an infection with Merkel cell polyomavirus.
Case Report: We present the case of a 62-year-old man who developed a Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive MCC in a non-UV-exposed part of the right gluteal region 8 years after combined kidney-pancreas transplantation.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
June 2010
Aim: We present a case report of a female patient with metastasis of breast carcinoma to the medullary conus and cauda equina.
Methods: A 48-year-old woman with a history of breast tumor, suddenly felt severe weakness and numbness of the lower extremities. MRI of the spine disclosed a mass lesion within the medullary conus, with leptomeningeal involvement of cauda equina at the spinal level L1.
Stable cell lines obtained by spontaneous immortalization might represent early stages of malignant transformation and be useful experimental models for studies of mechanisms of cancer development. The FHC (fetal human cells) cell line has been established from normal fetal colonic mucosa. Detailed characterization of this cell line and mechanism of spontaneously acquired immortality have not been described yet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
March 2009
Background: Every year about one million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer which is the most common malignancy in female. Of these, triple negative breast carcinoma represents 10-17 %. Triple negative breast carcinomas, characterized by estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptor negativity are very aggressive tumours with poor prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary spinal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are extremely rare. Here, we present a case study of a 29-year-old male with a dumbbell-shaped pPNET at the T9-10 spine level, including details of his examination, surgical procedures applied, histological and genetic findings, and his subsequent treatment. We discuss the clinical course, the pathology and treatment for this disease, the surgical approach to thoracic dumbbell tumors and we review the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn intratumoral or peritumoral microbial intracranial abscess is an infrequent diagnosis. The development of this complication may not be preceded by apparent local or general infection in all cases. To identify this diagnosis by radiological (MRI) or laboratory investigations is very intricate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the HER-2 receptor. Trastuzumab-based therapy significantly improves response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) for women with HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Despite its initial efficacy, acquired resistance to trastuzumab develops in a majority of patients with MBC, and a large subset never responds, demonstrating primary resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
July 2006
We report here a case of a newborn with hypotrophy and somatic stigmatization: microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, heart defect and immunodeficiency syndrome. The proband's karyotype was 46,XY,dup(4)(q28q35.2) de novo with chromosomal breaks in 4% of metaphases.
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