Early immune response of two common carp breeds to koi herpesvirus infection.

Economic importance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) increases every year. Viral diseases are major threat for carp aquaculture and cause significant economic losses.

Carp edema virus and immune response in carp (Cyprinus carpio): Current knowledge.

The importance of world aquaculture production grows annually together with the increasing need to feed the global human population. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important freshwater fish in global aquaculture. Unfortunately, carp production is affected by numerous diseases of which viral diseases are the most serious.

The effect of polyclonal activators on rabbit B cell antibody production.

Stimulation with polyclonal activators is a tool to increase antibody secretion in B cells. The aim of the present study was to select the most effective common commercially available polyclonal activators of rabbit B cells. Specifically, type B oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine dinucleotides (CpG-ODN), recombinant rabbit interleukin-2 (rrIL-2), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Resiquimod (R848) were tested on B cells isolated from blood and spleen by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

Viral Resistance and IFN Signaling in STAT2 Knockout Fish Cells.

IFN belong to a group of cytokines specialized in the immunity to viruses. Upon viral infection, type I IFN is produced and alters the transcriptome of responding cells through induction of a set of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) with regulatory or antiviral function, resulting in a cellular antiviral state. Fish genomes have both type I IFN and type II IFN (IFN-γ), but no type III (λ) IFN has been identified.

Regulation of ciliary function by fibroblast growth factor signaling identifies FGFR3-related disorders achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia as ciliopathies.

Cilia project from almost every cell integrating extracellular cues with signaling pathways. Constitutive activation of FGFR3 signaling produces the skeletal disorders achondroplasia (ACH) and thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), but many of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unresolved. Here, we report in vivo evidence for significantly shortened primary cilia in ACH and TD cartilage growth plates.