Phagolysosomes break down the membrane of a non-apoptotic corpse independent of macroautophagy.

Cell corpses must be cleared in an efficient manner to maintain tissue homeostasis and regulate immune responses. Ubiquitin-like Atg8/LC3 family proteins promote the degradation of membranes and internal cargo during both macroautophagy and corpse clearance, raising the question how macroautophagy contributes to corpse clearance. Studying the clearance of non-apoptotic dying polar bodies in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we show that the LC3 ortholog LGG-2 is enriched inside the polar body phagolysosome independent of autophagosome formation.

Phagolysosomes break down the membrane of a non-apoptotic corpse independent of macroautophagy.

Cell corpses must be cleared in an efficient manner to maintain tissue homeostasis and regulate immune responses. Ubiquitin-like Atg8/LC3 family proteins promote the degradation of membranes and internal cargo during both macroautophagy and corpse clearance, raising the question how macroautophagy contributes to corpse clearance. Studying the clearance of non-apoptotic dying polar bodies in embryos, we show that the LC3 ortholog LGG-2 is enriched in the polar body phagolysosome independent of membrane association or autophagosome formation.

The role of miRNA-424 and miR-631 in various cancers: Focusing on drug resistance and sensitivity.

Background: However, advanced technologies have been developed in the treatment of various cancers, but the mortality rate from cancer is still very high. Drug resistance is a major problem for patients with cancer, which causes the treatment process to fail. In addition to inhibiting drug resistance, targeted therapy is also very important in treatment.

Overexpression of miR-490-5p/miR-490-3p Potentially Induces IL-17-Producing T Cells in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent female cancer globally and this is also true in Iranian women. Alteration in circulating microRNAs affects the fate of immune cells, affecting immunological response to neoplasia.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the expression of and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of patients with BC.

Involvement of strigolactone hormone in root development, influence and interaction with mycorrhizal fungi in plant: Mini-review.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant symbiosis is the old, fascinating and beneficial relation that exist on earth for the plants. In this review, we have elaborated that the strigolactones (SLs) are released from the roots and function with root parasite, seeds and symbiotic AMF as contact chemicals. They are transported through the xylem in the plants and can regulate plant architecture, seed germination, nodule formation, increase the primary root length, influence the root hairs and physiological reactions to non-living agents by regulating their metabolism.

Progressive Dyspnea in a 40-Year-Old Man Caused by Giant Mediastinal Thymolipoma.

Thymolipomas are rare tumors of the anterior mediastinum containing both thymic stroma and an abundance of fat. We present a 40-year-old man with no underlying disease who presented with cough and progressive dyspnea. Clinical evaluation revealed a giant mass of lipid density filling almost the entire left hemithorax with mediastinal shift.

Synchronous thymoma and oligodendroglioma: A rare association.

Introduction: Patients with thymoma are found to have another systemic illness and a broadly increased risk for secondary malignancies. We present the case of a 53-year-old female patient who harbored two synchronous primary malignant neoplasms-an anaplastic oligodendroglioma of the right frontal lobe and an anterior mediastinal thymoma.

Presentation Of Case: A 53-year-old female patient presented in her first hospital admission with nausea, chest pain and non-pulsatile bitemporal headache.

Efficient, adaptive estimation of two-dimensional firing rate surfaces via Gaussian process methods.

Estimating two-dimensional firing rate maps is a common problem, arising in a number of contexts: the estimation of place fields in hippocampus, the analysis of temporally nonstationary tuning curves in sensory and motor areas, the estimation of firing rates following spike-triggered covariance analyses, etc. Here we introduce methods based on Gaussian process nonparametric Bayesian techniques for estimating these two-dimensional rate maps. These techniques offer a number of advantages: the estimates may be computed efficiently, come equipped with natural errorbars, adapt their smoothness automatically to the local density and informativeness of the observed data, and permit direct fitting of the model hyperparameters (e.

Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of neuraminidase gene of Iranian seasonal influenza H1N1 viruses from 2005-2009 and corresponding vaccine strains.

Prophylaxis of influenza A virus infections is based on the vaccines inducing antibodies to the major viral antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Since these antigens continuously change during virus replication in various hosts, only the currently circulating strains should be used in the vaccines. Besides, monitoring of the naturally occurring changes in HA, NA, and respective genes, especially those associated with resistance to the NA inhibitors is necessary.

[Randomised controlled multicenter trial on discharge planning in high utilisers of mental health care].

Objective: A simple, systematic and targeted manualised intervention was developed and applied in the German multicentre randomised controlled trial "Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Needs-Oriented Discharge Planning and Monitoring for High Utilisers of Psychiatric Services" (NODPAM).

Background: Rational of the intervention is outlined. Similarities and differences in comparison with other approaches (Care Programme Approach, "Integrierter Behandlungs- und Rehabilitations plan", Critical Time Intervention) are delineated.

Mean-field approximations for coupled populations of generalized linear model spiking neurons with Markov refractoriness.

There has recently been a great deal of interest in inferring network connectivity from the spike trains in populations of neurons. One class of useful models that can be fit easily to spiking data is based on generalized linear point process models from statistics. Once the parameters for these models are fit, the analyst is left with a nonlinear spiking network model with delays, which in general may be very difficult to understand analytically.

Direct identification of non-polio enteroviruses in residual paralysis cases by analysis of VP1 sequences.

Background: The 66 serotypes of human enteroviruses (EVs) are classified into four species A-D, based on phylogenetic relationships in multiple genome regions. Partial VP(1) amplification and sequence analysis are reliable methods for identifying non-polio enterovirus serotypes, especially in negative cell culture specimens from patients with residual paralysis.

Objectives: In Iran during the years 2000-2002, there were 29 residual paralysis cases with negative cell (RD, HEp(2) and L(20)B) culture results.

First detection of enterovirus 71 from an acute flaccid paralysis case with residual paralysis in Iran.

In an attempt to determine the types of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Iran, we detected enterovirus 71 (EV71) in an AFP case with residual paralysis for the first time. Cell culture detected no enteroviruses, while RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing revealed that the specimen was positive for EV71. EV71 is the causative agent of a variety of diseases from hand, foot and mouth disease to severe neurological complications and is now considered as an important cause of childhood acute flaccid paralysis.

Characterization of mutations in the VP(1) region of Sabin strain type 1 polioviruses isolated from vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases in Iran.

Background: The live-attenuated oral polio vaccine used to interrupt poliovirus transmission is genetically unstable. Reversion of some attenuating mutations, which normally occurs during vaccine strain replication in some recipients, and can rarely cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). The poliovirus eradication program designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes immunization with OPV in addition to careful surveillance of all acute-flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases.

Prevalence of mucosal types of human papillomavirus in skin lesions in north part of Iran.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) consist of more than 100 types and are known to be associated with numerous malignant tumors, including carcinomas of the mucosal and cutaneous epithelium. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy worldwide in the Caucasian population. Some studies have shown that NMSC biopsy specimens harbor cutaneous as well as mucosal human papillomavirus, suggesting that mucosal types may play a role in development and progression of the tumor in skin.