Outcome of tuberculous meningitis in children aged 9 months to 12 years at the end of intensive phase of treatment.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Most of the literature focuses on outcomes at the end of therapy when it may be too late for intervention to improve the outcomes. So, the present study addresses outcomes by the end of intensive course of therapy.

Radiological Outcome of Neurocysticercosis in Children Six Months After Diagnosis - A Single Center Study.

Objective: To assess proportion and predictors of lesion calcification in children aged 2-12 years with neurocysticercosis at six months follow up.

Methods: Children aged between 2 and 12 years with Neurocysticercosis diagnosed on MRI brain were initially included and followed up for 6 months. Repeat CECT brain at 6 months was done to find if the lesion persisted/calcified/ resolved.

Association of Child Neurology-Indian Epilepsy Society Consensus Document on Parental Counseling of Children with Epilepsy.

When a child is diagnosed with epilepsy, counseling regarding the same is done by the treating doctor. Most parents are frightened and have poor knowledge about epilepsy. Therapeutic advice including drug dosage, administration and side effects takes up the major part of physician's time, thereby neglecting important issues like home seizure management, follow up and others.

Nodding syndrome- an Indian case.

Background: Although nodding syndrome is a catastrophic epileptic encephalopathy, it is reported only from Africa so far. We describe the first case from the Indian sub-continent.

Methods: A ten-year-old child who had an episode of Guillain Barre syndrome with incomplete recovery developed emaciation secondary to bulbar palsy and depression.

VEB-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant sepsis outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit in India: clinical and diagnostic implications.

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, are increasingly implicated in nosocomial outbreaksworldwide, particularly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). is an uncommon nosocomial pathogen causing sepsis in neonates.

Case Presentation: We report an outbreak of ESBL-positive MDR sepsis involving five babies within 10 days in a NICU, which was promptly detected and managed.

Prognostic Utility of Clinical Epilepsy Severity Score Versus Pretreatment Hypsarrhythmia Scoring in Children With West Syndrome.

This cross-sectional study assessed the impact of clinical epilepsy severity and pretreatment hypsarrhythmia severity on epilepsy and cognitive outcomes in treated children with West syndrome. Thirty-three children, aged 1 to 5 years, with infantile spasms were enrolled if pretreatment EEG records were available, after completion of ≥1 year of onset of spasms. Neurodevelopment was assessed by Development Profile 3 and Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Mortality in newborns referred to tertiary hospital: An introspection.

Background: India is one of the largest contributors in the pool of neonatal death in the world. However, there are inadequate data on newborns referred to tertiary care centers. The present study aimed to find out predictors of mortality among newborns delivered elsewhere and admitted in a tertiary hospital in New Delhi between February and September 2014.

The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response in Children with West Syndrome in a Developing Country: A Retrospective Case Record Analysis.

This study describes the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of children with West syndrome in a tertiary care hospital in north India. Overall, 310 case records diagnosed from January 2009 to June 2012 were reviewed. The median age of onset of spasms was 5 months (interquartile range = 2.

Atypical presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy: in a child with bilateral grade IV vesicoureteric reflux.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy, better known as potential reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), is a clinicoradiological entity mostly described in adult populations manifesting predominantly as bilateral symmetrical diffuse white matter vasogenic oedema in parieto-occipital regions. Rarely it may also present as patchy reversible areas of involvement in the basal ganglia, brainstem and deep white matter. It is reported scarcely in childhood populations.

Giant cerebral cysticercosis in an infant confused with a thalamic glioma.

Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system. Intraparenchymal giant cysticercosis has been described in literature, but this is a rare report of a thalamic giant cysticercosis in a young child where the diagnosis could be made on follow-up. A 1½-year-old male child presented with seizures, hemiparesis, and features of raised intracranial pressure.

Neurodevelopmental and epilepsy outcome in children aged one to five years with infantile spasms--a North Indian cohort.

Purpose: The present study was planned as there is paucity of outcome data of children with infantile spasms, from India where profile of patients is different from the western world. Moreover, most previous studies have either not used strict inclusion criteria or standardized psychometric tests for developmental outcome.

Methods: Ninety-five children, aged one-to-five years under follow up for more than six months in Pediatric Neurology Clinic of a tertiary care hospital with the diagnosis of infantile spasm were enrolled in this cross-sectional study if they had completed one or more years after the onset of spasms.

Macrocephaly with diffuse white matter changes simulating a leukodystrophy in Menkes disease.

Menkes disease is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene. Its clinical course is characterized by early neurological regression, seizures, hypotonia and kinky friable hair. Neuroimaging typically reveals severe brain atrophy with subdural fluid collections and excessive tortuosity of cerebral arteries.

Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A.

Sepsis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A is rare in neonates. Though described as a mild and unrecognized illness in infants, life-threatening complications and even deaths have been reported. We present five cases of neonatal septicaemia due to S.

BMP7 and SHH regulate Pax2 in mouse retinal astrocytes by relieving TLX repression.

Pax2 is essential for development of the neural tube, urogenital system, optic vesicle, optic cup and optic tract. In the eye, Pax2 deficiency is associated with coloboma, a loss of astrocytes in the optic nerve and retina, and abnormal axonal pathfinding of the ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm. Thus, appropriate expression of Pax2 is essential for astrocyte determination and differentiation.

Ectopic Pax2 expression in chick ventral optic cup phenocopies loss of Pax2 expression.

Pax2 is essential for the development of the urogenital system, neural tube, otic vesicle, optic cup and optic tract [Dressler, G.R., Deutsch, U.

Urodynamic evaluation in primary enuresis: an investigative and treatment outcome correlation.

A prospective study was done in pediatric out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the role of urodynamics in the management of primary enuresis in the 5-14-year-old children and to compare the effectiveness of multidimensional behavioral therapy with pharmacological therapy. Hundred and nineteen children between 5-14 years with primary enuresis were evaluated clinically and investigated. Three patients with obvious organic causes were then excluded.

Extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria: clinical profile and outcome in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Background & Aims: Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum 3 lactamase-producing bacteria (ESBL) have emerged as a common problem globally. However, data regarding clinical profile and outcome in neonates infected with ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria are sparse.

Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken of all neonates admitted between April 2002 and May 2003 to the neonatal intensive care unit, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi who had blood cultures positive for gram-negative bacteria.

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 increases chick photoreceptor outer segment initiation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of photoreceptor differentiation and outer segment elongation by the growth factor BMP7.

Methods: Dissociated low-density embryonic day 6 (E6) chick retinal cultures were grown for 6 days in the presence of BMP7, other members of the TGF-beta family of growth factors, or control vehicle. Cultured cells were characterized using microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR.