Regional Variation in Pregnancy Outcomes amongst Women in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk of certain pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, infants small for gestational age (SGA), and Cesarean delivery. Whether regional variation in these outcomes exists remains unknown. We aimed to assess the geographical variation in these pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD.

Utilization of Diagnostic Imaging and Ionization Radiation Exposure Among an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inception Cohort.

Background: Abdominal imaging is important in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We characterized utilization of imaging and exposure to ionizing radiation.

Methods: We enumerated abdominal diagnostic imaging in a population-based cohort of IBD patients between 1994 and 2016.

Hypoalbuminaemia and Postoperative Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: the NSQIP Surgical Cohort.

Background: The inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], including Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], frequently lead to bowel surgery. Hypoalbuminaemia has been shown to be a prognostic factor for outcomes following surgery for other indications, and we sought to determine its role in predicting IBD-related postoperative outcomes.

Methods: We included patients who underwent IBD-related major abdominal surgery in the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program [ACS-NSQIP] between 2005 and 2012.

National estimates of the burden of inflammatory bowel disease among racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Background: The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly characterized in minorities in the U.S. We sought to enumerate the burden of IBD among racial and ethnic groups using national-level data.

Early cholecystectomy and ERCP are associated with reduced readmissions for acute biliary pancreatitis: a nationwide, population-based study.

Background: Cholecystectomy is recommended during hospitalizations for acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP).

Objective: We sought to assess the population-based effectiveness of index cholecystectomy by using nationwide data.

Design: Retrospective, cohort study.

Impact of diabetes on postoperative outcomes following colon cancer surgery.

Background: Diabetes is the sixth most common cause of death in the US and causes significant postoperative mortality and morbidity.

Objective: To characterize the impact of diabetes among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer.

Design: This is is a retrospective cohort study.

Whites have a more robust hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a psychological stressor than blacks.

Objective: Differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress may confer differences in susceptibility to a variety of diseases. We hypothesized that whites would differ from blacks in HPA axis response to a psychological stressor.

Design: Healthy subjects aged 18-30 were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland.

Gender differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity.

The present study was designed to determine whether there are gender differences in hormonal response patterns to HPA axis activation. To this end, two methods of activating the HPA axis were employed: a standardized psychological stress test and a pharmacological challenge. Healthy subjects (mean age 23.

The mu-opioid receptor polymorphism A118G predicts cortisol responses to naloxone and stress.

A polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) (A118G) has been shown to increase beta-endorphin binding affinity, theoretically placing greater inhibitory tone on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. We hypothesized that the minor allele (G) would predict cortisol responses to both pharmacological (naloxone) and psychological (stress) activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Healthy subjects (mean age 25.

Infliximab decreases resource use among patients with Crohn's disease.

Goals: Surgery accounts for one half, and hospitalizations for one third, of overall costs for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Infliximab induces remission and heals fistulas in CD but is more costly than traditional therapies. Its impact upon resource use in CD is unknown.