Publications by authors named "Rachel Xu"

An increasing number of real-world interventions aim to preemptively protect or inoculate people against misinformation. Inoculation research has demonstrated positive effects on misinformation resilience when measured immediately after treatment via messages, games, or videos. However, very little is currently known about their long-term effectiveness and the mechanisms by which such treatment effects decay over time.

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Lipoproteins are major constituents of prokaryotic cell surfaces. In bacteria, lipoprotein attachment to membrane lipids is catalyzed by prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt). However, no Lgt homologs have been identified in archaea, suggesting the unique archaeal membrane lipids require distinct enzymes for lipoprotein lipidation.

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Article Synopsis
  • Scientists did a big survey with over 59,000 people from 63 countries to understand how people think about climate change!
  • They tested different ways to encourage people to believe in climate change and support actions to help the environment!
  • The study includes lots of information and data that can help others learn more about what influences people's actions on climate change around the world!
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Article Synopsis
  • Effective global behavior change is crucial for reducing climate change, but it's unclear which strategies motivate people to shift their beliefs and actions.
  • A study tested 11 interventions on nearly 60,000 participants across 63 countries, finding small effectiveness primarily among non-skeptics and varied results across different outcomes.
  • Key results showed that reducing psychological distance strengthened beliefs, writing a letter to a future generation increased policy support, and inducing negative emotions encouraged information sharing, but no strategy successfully boosted tree-planting efforts.
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The tumor-suppressor PTPN2 is diminished in a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Paradoxically, PTPN2-deficiency in tumors or T cells in mice can facilitate T cell recruitment and/or activation to promote antitumor immunity. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of targeting PTPN2 in tumor cells and T cells.

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Unlabelled: Immunotherapies aimed at alleviating the inhibitory constraints on T cells have revolutionized cancer management. To date, these have focused on the blockade of cell-surface checkpoints such as PD-1. Herein we identify protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as an intracellular checkpoint that is upregulated in T cells in tumors.

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N-Glycosylation is a post-translational modification common to all three domains of life. In many archaea, the oligosacharyltransferase (AglB)-dependent N-glycosylation of flagellins is required for flagella assembly. However, whether N-glycosylation is required for the assembly and/or function of the structurally related archaeal type IV pili is unknown.

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Type IV pili play important roles in a wide array of processes, including surface adhesion and twitching motility. Although archaeal genomes encode a diverse set of type IV pilus subunits, the functions for most remain unknown. We have now characterized six Haloferax volcanii pilins, PilA[1-6], each containing an identical 30-amino-acid N-terminal hydrophobic motif that is part of a larger highly conserved domain of unknown function (Duf1628).

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