Key Challenges and Potential Strategies for Engaging Youth with Lived Experience in Clinical Science.

Centering the perspectives of youth with lived experience (YWLE) in psychopathology is critical to engaging in impactful clinical research to improve youth mental health outcomes. Over the past decade there has been a greater push in clinical science to include community members, and especially community members with lived experience, in all aspects of the research process. The goal of this editorial is to highlight the need for and importance of integrating YWLE into every stage of clinical science research, from idea generation to interpretation and dissemination of research findings.

National Norms and Percentiles for the Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale.

We estimated norms and percentiles for the Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS) in order to enhance its utility as a screening tool for emotional and behavioral distress following a major. The PEDS was administered to a nationally representative sample of parents of children ages 5-12 from all 50 states ( = 1,570). Approximately 15% of the parents reported a trauma/stress in the past 12 months.

Leveraging the developmental science of psychosocial risk to strengthen youth psychotherapy.

More than 50 years of randomized clinical trials for youth psychotherapies have resulted in moderate effect sizes for treatments targeting the most common mental health problems in children and adolescents (i.e., anxiety, depression, conduct problems, and attention disorders).

Longitudinal course of depressive symptom severity among youths with bipolar disorders: Moderating influences of sustained attention and history of child maltreatment.

Background: Pediatric bipolar disorders are often characterized by disruptions in cognitive functioning, and exposure to child maltreatment (e.g., physical and sexual abuse) is associated with a significantly poorer course of illness.

Time course of pupillary response to threat words before and after attention bias modification for transdiagnostic anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Altered attention to threatening stimuli at initial and sustained stages of processing may be dissociable dimensions that influence the development and maintenance of transdiagnostic symptoms of anxiety, such as vigilance, and possibly require distinct intervention. Attention bias modification (ABM) interventions were created to implicitly train attention away from threatening stimuli and have shown efficacy in treating anxiety. ABM alters neurocognitive functioning during initial stages of threat processing, but less is known regarding effects of ABM on neural indices of threat processing at sustained (i.

Development and Validation of the Parents' Gendered Emotion Beliefs Scale.

Objectives: The aim of the current research was to develop and validate a parent, self-report questionnaire to measure parents' gendered beliefs about emotion.

Methods: Scale items were first developed based on a previous qualitative study examining emotions, parenting, and gender in a sample of parents. The Parents' Gendered Emotion Beliefs scale (PGEB) was validated in a sample of 704 parents of middle childhood youth.

A Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) for knowledge of parent management skills: Prototype development and preliminary psychometrics.

The Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test (KEPT) is a measure of parent management skills that was developed as an outcome measure for clinical trials of psychosocial treatments for disruptive behavior disorders. In the current study, we developed a computer adaptive test (CAT; KEPT-CAT) prototype and compared it to the full item bank (21 items; KEPT-Full) and to a brief static version (10 items; KEPT-Brief) using simulations from a large ( = 1,570) nationally representative dataset. Results showed that the KEPT-CAT prototype (median = 8 items) was slightly more efficient than the KEPT-Brief and had a significantly higher ( < .

Development and Validation of the Parenting Skill Use Diary (PSUD) in a Nationally Representative Sample.

: We describe the development and psychometric properties of an instrument designed to assess the use of effective parenting skills reported with a daily diary. The Parenting Skill Use Diary (PSUD) was developed iteratively relying on a "common elements" approach to quantify the use of evidence-based parenting techniques for responding to child misbehaviors and positive behaviors.: The PSUD was administered online daily for seven days to parents/guardians of children aged 5-12.

Dimensions of adversity in association with adolescents' depression symptoms: Distinct moderating roles of cognitive and autonomic function.

Exposure to adverse events is prevalent among youths and robustly associated with risk for depression, particularly during adolescence. The Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP) distinguishes between adverse events that expose youths to deprivation versus threat, positing unique mechanisms of risk (cognitive functioning deficits for deprivation, and altered fear and emotion learning for threat) that may require different approaches to intervention. We examined whether deprivation and threat were distinctly associated with behavioral measures of cognitive processes and autonomic nervous system function in relation to depression symptom severity in a community sample of early adolescents (n = 117; mean age 12.

Development and Validation of the Praise, Indulgence, and Status Parenting Scale.

The overarching aim of this study was to develop and validate a new scale (i.e., the Praise, Indulgence, and Status Parenting Scale [PISPS]) to measure modern parenting practices and behaviors consistent with instilling ideals of specialness (i.

Meta-Analysis: 13-Year Follow-up of Psychotherapy Effects on Youth Depression.

Objective: Youth depression is a debilitating condition that constitutes a major public health concern. A 2006 meta-analysis found modest benefits for psychotherapy versus control. Has 13 more years of research improved that picture? We sought to find out.

Development and validation of the Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test (KEPT) in a nationally representative sample.

We report on the development and psychometric properties of an instrument for the assessment of knowledge of effective parenting skills specific to conduct problems using an item response theory (IRT) framework. The initial item pool (36 items) for the Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test (KEPT) was administered online to a national sample (N = 1,570) selected to match the U.S.

Efficient Monitoring of Treatment Response during Youth Psychotherapy: The Behavior and Feelings Survey.

An emerging trend in youth psychotherapy is measurement-based care (MBC): treatment guided by frequent measurement of client response, with ongoing feedback to the treating clinician. MBC is especially needed for treatment that addresses internalizing and externalizing problems, which are common among treatment-seeking youths. A very brief measure is needed, for frequent administration, generating both youth- and caregiver-reports, meeting psychometric standards, and available at no cost.

Are Psychotherapies for Young People Growing Stronger? Tracking Trends Over Time for Youth Anxiety, Depression, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Conduct Problems.

With the development of empirically supported treatments over the decades, have youth psychotherapies grown stronger? To investigate, we examined changes over time in treatment effects for four frequently treated youth mental-health problems: anxiety, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorders. We used PubMed and PsycINFO to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published between January 1960 and May 2017 involving youths between the ages of 4 and 18 years. We also searched reviews and meta-analyses of youth psychotherapy research, followed reference trails in the reports we identified, and obtained additional studies identified by therapy researchers whom we contacted.

Associations Between Trauma Type, Timing, and Accumulation on Current Coping Behaviors in Adolescents: Results from a Large, Population-based Sample.

The development of adolescents' coping in response to stress is critical for adaptive functioning; these coping strategies may be shaped by numerous environmental factors during childhood, including experiences such as exposure to trauma. Childhood trauma has been shown to undermine contemporaneous coping, but how does a history of exposure to trauma and the characteristics of that trauma (type, timing, and accumulation) relate to current coping among adolescents? We addressed this question using a nationally-representative sample of 9427 adolescents (ages 13-18; 48.9% female; 66% White).

What five decades of research tells us about the effects of youth psychological therapy: A multilevel meta-analysis and implications for science and practice.

Across 5 decades, hundreds of randomized trials have tested psychological therapies for youth internalizing (anxiety, depression) and externalizing (misconduct, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) disorders and problems. Since the last broad-based youth meta-analysis in 1995, the number of trials has almost tripled and data-analytic methods have been refined. We applied these methods to the expanded study pool (447 studies; 30,431 youths), synthesizing 50 years of findings and identifying implications for research and practice.

The role of postdeployment social factors in linking deployment experiences and current posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology among male and female veterans.

Background And Objectives: The postdeployment social context is likely highly salient in explaining mental health symptoms following deployment. The aim of this study was to examine the role of postdeployment social factors (social support and social reintegration difficulty) in linking deployment-related experiences (warfare exposure, sexual harassment, concerns about relationship disruptions, and deployment social support) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in male and female veterans.

Design: A survey was administered to 998 potential participants (after accounting for undeliverable mail) who had returned from deployment to Afghanistan or Iraq.

Racial/ethnic differences in youth depression indicators: An item response theory analysis of symptoms reported by White, Black, Asian, and Latino youths.

Accurate assessment of dysfunction is central to clinical psychological science, essential for valid conclusions about prevalence, risk, and appropriate intervention. Measures applied without adjustment across diverse racial/ethnic groups may risk errors if measurement equivalence has not been established. We tested this possibility in the domain of youth depression, applying item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning (DIF) analyses to reports by White, Black, Latino, and Asian youths (N = 2,335) on the most widely-used measure of symptoms, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).

Family stressors and postdeployment mental health in single versus partnered parents deployed in support of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Little is known about the family-related stress and postdeployment adjustment of single versus partnered parents deployed in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. This study examined exposure to family-related stressors during and after deployment, as well as postdeployment psychological symptoms in a national sample of 318 single (n = 74) and partnered (n = 244) parent veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Results demonstrated that single parents experienced higher levels of concern about life and family disruptions during deployment, lower levels of social support during and after deployment, and poorer postdeployment family functioning than partnered parents.