Does Florivory by Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Cause Yield Loss in Soybeans?

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), corn earworm, is a damaging insect pest of many crops, including soybeans. An economic threshold for soybeans during the pod-filling stages exists to prevent economic damage to seeds. However, the impact of florivory (flower feeding) by H.