Variability in Patient-Incurred Costs and Protocols of Regenerative Medicine Procedures for Musculoskeletal Conditions in the United States.

The use of regenerative medicine as an "off label" treatment for musculoskeletal conditions has increased in recent years. However, the literature is sparse regarding the costs of these treatments to patients. : We sought to determine the patient-incurred costs for regenerative medicine treatments performed by physicians for musculoskeletal conditions in the United States, according to primary specialty, geographic region, practice setting, and years in practice.

Sex and gender differences in lower limb chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a systematic review.

Objectives: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a cause of exertional leg pain and has been reported in varying frequencies in males and females. Currently, it is unclear whether there are significant sex and gender differences in lower-limb CECS. Delineating sex and gender differences is vital in determining the causes of CECS and best treatments.

Clinical outcomes following intradiscal injections of higher-concentration platelet-rich plasma in patients with chronic lumbar discogenic pain.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes following intradiscal injections of higher-concentration (> 10 ×) platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with chronic lumbar discogenic pain and to compare outcomes with a historical cohort.

Methods: This retrospective study included 37 patients who received intradiscal injections of higher-concentration (> 10 ×) PRP and had post-procedure outcomes data (visual numerical scale pain score, Functional Rating Index [FRI], and NASS Patient Satisfaction Index). Outcomes were compared to a historical cohort of 29 patients who received intradiscal injections of < 5X PRP.

Loss of heterochromatin and retrotransposon silencing as determinants in oocyte aging.

Mammalian oocyte quality reduces with age. We show that prior to the occurrence of significant aneuploidy (9M in mouse), heterochromatin histone marks are lost, and oocyte maturation is impaired. This loss occurs in both constitutive and facultative heterochromatin marks but not in euchromatic active marks.

Race- and Gender-Based Differences in Descriptions of Applicants in the Letters of Recommendation for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency.

Background: Letters of recommendation (LOR) are an important component of trainee advancement and assessment. Examination of word use in LOR has demonstrated significant differences in how letter writers describe female and male applicants. Given the emphasis on increasing both gender and racial diversity among orthopaedic surgeons, we aimed to study gender and racial differences in LOR for applicants to orthopaedic surgery residencies.

Predictive value of TP53 fluorescence in situ hybridization in cytogenetic subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a complex karyotype (CK) has frequent alterations in TP53 and a very poor prognosis. We examined whether a prompt and simple fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for 17p13 deletion at diagnosis has a predictive value for response to therapy and overall survival in subgroups of AML. In 15 patients with a normal karyotype the TP53 FISH analysis was normal, whereas in 16 patients with CK 75% had only one copy of the TP53 allele.

Co-existence of multiple subclones in TEL-AML1 at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in association with submicroscopic deletion of AML1.

The TEL/AML1 (ETV6/RUNX1) fusion gene is the most common genetic rearrangement in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Although considered to be a low-risk leukaemia, it is associated with a relapse rate of 10-20%. The coexistence of different subclones at diagnosis, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of IG/TCR gene rearrangement, with differential response to chemotherapy, was recently reported in this subtype of ALL.

Determination of chromosome 13 status in bone marrow cells of patients with multiple myeloma using combined morphologic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.

Deletion of chromosome 13q is believed to be an adverse prognostic marker in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) is the method of choice for detection of chromosome 13q deletion (del13q). However, I-FISH has high false-positive rates attributed to a low percentage of plasma cells (PC), which are responsible for MM, in bone marrow (BM) samples from MM patients.