Predicting Extent of Opioid Use Following Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: This study was designed to test whether a negative affect phenotype reflecting depression, anxiety, anger, and pain catastrophizing predicts inpatient and outpatient opioid use outcomes following cardiac surgery.

Design: In a single-center prospective observational pilot study, the authors obtained validated measures of negative affect and opioid-related phenotype preoperatively and collected opioid use and opioid misuse-related outcomes at 30-day postoperative follow-up.

Setting: Quaternary medical center.