Sex differences in the respiratory response to hemorrhage in the conscious, New Zealand white rabbit.

In conscious animals, the response to hemorrhage is biphasic. During phase 1, arterial pressure is maintained. Phase 2 is characterized by profound hypotension.

A novel electrode design for chronic recording of electromyographic activity.

We describe a simple, self-retaining electromyography (EMG) electrode for use in chronic recording of EMG activity. The EMG electrode is helical in shape, resembling the screw-in fixation device on many cardiac pacing electrodes. Screw-like placement of the electrode secures it in the musculature without sutures.