The Development of Ambiguity Processing Is Explained by an Inverted U-Shaped Curve.

Understanding the developmental trajectories for recognizing facial expressions is important for a better understanding of development of psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined the recognition of emotional and neutral facial expressions in 93 typically developing adolescents and adults. The Emotion Intensity Rating task required participants to rate the intensity of emotional expression in happy, neutral, and sad faces on a scale from 1 to 9.

Active Surveillance for Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are relatively common breast lesions on the same spectrum of disease. Atypical ductal hyperblasia is a nonmalignant, high-risk lesion, and DCIS is a noninvasive malignancy. While a benefit of screening mammography is early cancer detection, it also leads to increased biopsy diagnosis of noninvasive lesions.

Neural correlates of the sound facilitation effect in the modified Simon task in older adults.

Introduction: The ability to resolve interference declines with age and is attributed to neurodegeneration and reduced cognitive function and mental alertness in older adults. Our previous study revealed that task-irrelevant but environmentally meaningful sounds improve performance on the modified Simon task in older adults. However, little is known about neural correlates of this sound facilitation effect.

Hand Dexterity Is Associated with the Ability to Resolve Perceptual and Cognitive Interference in Older Adults: Pilot Study.

The relationship between hand dexterity and inhibitory control across the lifespan is underexplored. In this pilot study, we examined inhibitory control using a modified Simon task. During the task, participants were presented with right- and left-pointing arrows located either on the right or the left parts of the screen.

Predicting Upgrade of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Breast Cancer at Surgery With Ultrafast Imaging.

Biopsy-proven ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions are often upgraded to invasive cancer at surgery. Therefore, accurate prediction of the likelihood of invasion is helpful for surgical planning, including the need for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether kinetic features of clinically available ultrafast MRI (UF-MRI) can predict upgrade of biopsy-proven DCIS to invasive cancer at surgical excision.

Working memory updating in individuals with bipolar and unipolar depression: fMRI study.

Understanding neurobiological characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in distinct psychiatric disorders remains challenging. In this secondary data analysis, we examined neurobiological differences in brain response during working memory updating among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), those with unipolar depression (UD), and healthy controls (HC). Individuals between 18-45 years of age with BD (n = 100), UD (n = 109), and HC (n = 172) were scanned using fMRI while performing 0-back (easy) and 2-back (difficult) tasks with letters as the stimuli and happy, fearful, or neutral faces as distractors.

Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence prodromal to major depressive disorder onset in a young adult without personal or family history of psychiatric disorder: Case report.

Background: Subthreshold symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) may be underreported due to stigma and/or cognitive impairment associated with this illness. Identifying objective behavioral and neural markers prodromal to MDD onset would help overcome this bias. This case study reports prospective behavioral and neuroimaging evidence prodromal to MDD onset in a young adult without prior personal or family history of psychiatric disorders who was identified during a longitudinal study of mood disorders.

The effects of mood disorders and childhood trauma on fear of positive and negative evaluation.

Fear of positive and negative evaluation is maladaptive and may result in psychosocial dysfunction. Although being diagnosed with mood disorders or experiencing childhood trauma may potentially affect fear of evaluation, previous studies examined this phenomenon mostly in social anxiety disorders. To fill this gap, we investigated the relationship between childhood trauma and fear of positive and negative evaluation in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), depressive disorders (DD), and healthy controls (HC).

The zebrafish kidney mutant zeppelin reveals that brca2/fancd1 is essential for pronephros development.

The zebrafish kidney is conserved with other vertebrates, making it an excellent genetic model to study renal development. The kidney collects metabolic waste using a blood filter with specialized epithelial cells known as podocytes. Podocyte formation is poorly understood but relevant to many kidney diseases, as podocyte injury leads to progressive scarring and organ failure.

Production of haploid zebrafish embryos by in vitro fertilization.

The zebrafish has become a mainstream vertebrate model that is relevant for many disciplines of scientific study. Zebrafish are especially well suited for forward genetic analysis of developmental processes due to their external fertilization, embryonic size, rapid ontogeny, and optical clarity--a constellation of traits that enable the direct observation of events ranging from gastrulation to organogenesis with a basic stereomicroscope. Further, zebrafish embryos can survive for several days in the haploid state.