A U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) overview of Pan American botanicals used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines.

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is a nonprofit, scientific, standard-setting organization, and world leader in establishing quality, purity, and testing standards for medicines, foods, and dietary supplements. USP quality standards are used in more than 140 countries and are legally recognized by more than 40 countries. Currently, there is renewed interest in herbal medicines globally, and health policies are being implemented worldwide for the use of complementary and traditional medicine.

GC-MS AND Chemometric Analysis of the Essential Oils Obtained from Mexican Commercial Chamomilla Recutita Teas.

The essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation of twenty-one brands of German chamomile (S1-S21) commercialized in Mexico were analyzed by GS-MS. Altogether, twenty-four different compounds were identified in the analyzed samples, varying from 77 to 100 % of the total composition. Multivariate analyses were applied to explore similarity/dissimilarity and correlation between all samples; the results revealed a strong correlation among samples S4, S5, and S7-S21 due to the presence of (Z)-en-yn-dicycloether [(Z)-tonghaosu], α-bisabolol, β-farnesene, β-eudesmol, and xanthoxylin.

Antidiabetic Potential of a Trimeric Anthranilic Acid Peptide Isolated from Malbranchea flocciformis.

Compound 3, a trimeric anthranilic acid peptide, and another three metabolites were isolated from an organic extract from the culture medium of Malbranchea flocciformis ATCC 34530. The chemical structure proposed previously for 3 was unequivocally assigned via synthesis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Tripeptide 3 showed insulinotropic properties by decreasing the postprandial peak in healthy and hyperglycemic mice.

Discovery of inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contained in a natural products library from Mexican medicinal plants and fungi using a combination of enzymatic and methods*.

This work aimed to discover protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from a small molecule library of natural products (NPs) derived from selected Mexican medicinal plants and fungi to find new hits for developing antidiabetic drugs. The products showing similar IC values to ursolic acid (UA) (positive control, IC = 26.5) were considered hits.

Calmodulin-Targeting Molecules from .

Four new natural chemical entities, including 2-hydroxy-α-truxillic acid (), (3,4)-2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(1-angeloyloxy)-6-acetyl-7-methoxychromane (), -tricosanoyltyramine (), and grandifolamide (), were isolated along with 11 known compounds (, -) from the aerial parts of . The chemical structures were elucidated using chemical derivatization and HR-MS, NMR, and DFT-calculated chemical shifts, combined with DP4+ statistical analysis. It was found that decomposed into its biogenetic precursor, -coumaric acid, upon standing at room temperature for a few weeks.

Chemical Analysis and Antidiabetic Potential of a Decoction from Roots.

A decoction of the roots (31.6-316 mg/kg) from Cav. (Asteraceae) as well as the main component (5-150 mg/kg) showed hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects in mice.

The Genus (Asteraceae) in America: An Insight into its Chemistry and Pharmacological Potential.

Background: Ageratina is an American genus of the tribe Eupatorieae (Asteraceae), comprising about 320 species. In Mexico, some species of this genus are highly valued for their medicinal properties, particularly A. pichinchensis, A.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of compounds from Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae).

An infusion from the aerial parts of Justicia spicigera Schltdl., an herb commonly used to treat diabetes, inhibited the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Two undescribed compounds, 2-N-(p-coumaroyl)-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, and 3″-O-acetyl-kaempferitrin, along with kaempferitrin, kaempferol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, perisbivalvine B and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone were isolated from the active extract.

Antidiabetic Sterols from Roots.

The roots of the cactus , which grows in Northern Mexico and in the south of Arizona, are highly valued by the Pima to treat diabetes and other illnesses, such as breast pain and common cold. As part of our chemical and pharmacological investigation on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes, herein we report the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic action of a decoction prepared from the roots of the plant. The active compounds were a series of cholestane steroids, namely, peniocerol (), desoxyviperidone (), viperidone (), and viperidinone ().

4-Phenylcoumarin (4-PC) Glucoside from as Corrosion Inhibitor in 3% NaCl Saturated with CO in AISI 1018 Steel: Experimental and Theoretical Study.

The corrosion inhibition of 5--β--glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3',4'-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (4-PC) in AISI 1018 steel immersed in 3% NaCl + CO was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that, at just 10 ppm, 4-PC exerted protection against corrosion with = 90% and 97% at 100 rpm. At static conditions, the polarization curves indicated that, at 5 ppm, the inhibitor presented anodic behavior, while at 10 and 50 ppm, there was a cathodic-type inhibitor.

α-Glucosidase and PTP-1B Inhibitors from .

An extract from a PDB static culture of exhibited α-glucosidase and PTP-1B inhibitory activities. Fractionation of the active extract led to the isolation of gymnoascolide A (), a γ-butenolide, and xanthones sydowinin A (), sydowinin B (), and AGI-B4 (), as well as orcinol (). Compound exhibited important inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase (IC = 0.

Contribution of fasting and postprandial glucose-lowering mechanisms to the acute hypoglycemic effect of traditionally used Eryngium cymosum F.Delaroche.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Eryngium cymosum F. Delaroche was detected as a traditional remedy against type 2 diabetes consumed by patients of Tlanchinol in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.

Aim Of The Study: Assessing the hypoglycemic effect and safety of the traditional extract of E.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from .

Fractionation of an aqueous extract from the aerial parts of yielded a new natural product, namely, 4-hydroxy-3-(()-1'-angeloyloxy-()-2',3'-epoxy-3'-methyl)butylacetophenone (), along with eight known compounds, including three flavonoids (-) and five chromenes (-). NMR data interpretation and DFT-calculated chemical shifts combined with DP4+ statistical and -DP4 probability analyses allowed for the complete characterization of compound . The presence of compound in a plant that biosynthesizes 2,2-dimethylchromenes is noteworthy, because an epoxy derivative has long been postulated as the reaction intermediate from the prenylated -hydroxyacetophenones to cyclic dimethylchromenes.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from the fungus Malbranchea albolutea.

From solid rice-based cultures of Malbranchea albolutea, three undescribed ardeemins and sartoryglabrins analogs were discovered and named alboluteins A-C. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde, and anthranilic acid were also isolated. 1D and 2D-NMR techniques, as well as DFT-calculated chemical shifts, allowed characterizing alboluteins A-C.

Antinociceptive Effect of an Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil from .

Infusions and poultices prepared from the aerial parts of Kunth (Asteraceae) are widely used in Oaxaca (Mexico) for relieving painful and inflammatory complaints. Therefore, the antinociceptive potential of an aqueous extract (31.6-316 mg/kg, p.

Molecules Isolated from Mexican Hypoglycemic Plants: A Review.

Like in many developing countries, in Mexico, the use of medicinal plants is a common practice. Based on our own field experience, there are at least 800 plants used for treating diabetes nowadays. Thus, their investigation is essential.

Pharmacological Analysis of the Anti-inflammatory and Antiallodynic Effects of Zinagrandinolide E from in Mice.

Zinagrandinolide E (, ZGE) is an elemanolide with antinociceptive action isolated from (Asteraceae), valued in North México and southwestern United States for pain relief. Herein, we report the anti-inflammatory and antiallodynic action of ZGE () in carrageenan-induced inflammation and tactile allodynia in mice and in a neuropathic pain model in hyperglycemic mice. Local peripheral administration of ZGE (1-30 μg/paw) induced dose-dependent acute anti-inflammatory and antiallodynic effects.

Flavonoids and Terpenoids with PTP-1B Inhibitory Properties from the Infusion of Ortega.

An infusion prepared from the aerial parts of Ortega inhibited the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) (IC~88 and 33 μg/mL, respectively). Phytochemical analysis of the infusion yielded amarisolide (), 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone (), 6-hydroxyluteolin (), rutin (), rosmarinic acid (), isoquercitrin (), pedalitin () and a new -clerodane type diterpenoid glucoside, named amarisolide G (,). Compound , is a new natural product, and - are reported for the first time for the species.

α-Glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from .

During a search for new α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from fungal sources, eight new secondary metabolites, including two anthranilic acid-derived peptides ( and ), four glycosylated anthraquinones (-), 4-isoprenylravenelin (), and a dimer of 5,8-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-α-tetralone (), along with four known compounds (-), were isolated from solid rice-based cultures of . The structural elucidation of these metabolites was performed using 1D and 2D NMR techniques and DFT-calculated chemical shifts. Compounds -, , and showed inhibitory activity to yeast α-glucosidase (αGHY), with IC values ranging from 57.

Apoptotic activity of xanthoquinodin JBIR-99, from Parengyodontium album MEXU 30054, in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.

Natural products are a valuable source of anticancer agents, with many naturally derived compounds currently used in clinical and preclinical treatments. This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity and potential mechanism of action of the xanthoquinodin JBIR-99, isolated from fungi Parengyodontium album MEXU 30,054 and identified by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Cytotoxicity of xanthoquinodin was evaluated in a panel of human cancer cells lines and CCD-112-CoN normal colon cells, using the sulforhodamine B assay.

Chemistry and Biology of Selected Mexican Medicinal Plants.

Herbal medicines are an integral element of alternative medical care in Mexico, and the best testimony to their efficacy and cultural value is their persistence in contemporary Mexican marketplaces where the highest percentages of medicinal and aromatic plants are sold. This chapter summarizes current trends in research on medicinal plants in Mexico, with emphasis on work carried out at the authors' laboratories. The most relevant phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of a selected group of plants used widely for treating major national health problems are described.