The loss of the PDIM/PGL virulence lipids causes differential secretion of ESX-1 substrates in .

The mycobacterial cell envelope is a major virulence determinant in pathogenic mycobacteria. Specific outer lipids play roles in pathogenesis, modulating the immune system and promoting the secretion of virulence factors. ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system-1) is a conserved protein secretion system required for mycobacterial pathogenesis.

The antagonistic transcription factors, EspM and EspN, regulate the ESX-1 secretion system in .

Bacterial pathogens use protein secretion systems to transport virulence factors and regulate gene expression. Among pathogenic mycobacteria, including and , the ESAT-6 system 1 (ESX-1) secretion is crucial for host interaction. Secretion of protein substrates by the ESX-1 secretion system disrupts phagosomes, allowing mycobacteria cytoplasmic access during macrophage infections.

The loss of the PDIM/PGL virulence lipids causes differential secretion of ESX-1 substrates in .

The mycobacterial cell envelope is a major virulence determinant in pathogenic mycobacteria. Specific outer lipids play roles in pathogenesis, modulating the immune system and promoting the secretion of virulence factors. ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system-1) is a conserved protein secretion system required for mycobacterial pathogenesis (1, 2).

The EspN transcription factor is an infection-dependent regulator of the ESX-1 system in .

Unlabelled: Bacterial pathogens use protein secretion systems to translocate virulence factors into the host and to control bacterial gene expression. The ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system 1) secretion system facilitates disruption of the macrophage phagosome during infection, enabling access to the cytoplasm, and regulates widespread gene expression in the mycobacterial cell. The transcription factors contributing to the ESX-1 transcriptional network during mycobacterial infection are not known.

An ancestral mycobacterial effector promotes dissemination of infection.

The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis typically causes lung disease but can also disseminate to other tissues. We identified a M. tuberculosis (Mtb) outbreak presenting with unusually high rates of extrapulmonary dissemination and bone disease.

Proteo-genetic analysis reveals clear hierarchy of ESX-1 secretion in .

The ESX-1 (ESAT-6-system-1) system and the protein substrates it transports are essential for mycobacterial pathogenesis. The precise ways that ESX-1 substrates contribute to virulence remains unknown. Several known ESX-1 substrates are also required for the secretion of other proteins.

Programmed Proteolysis of Chemotaxis Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti: Features in the C-Terminal Region Control McpU Degradation.

Chemotaxis and motility are important traits that support bacterial survival in various ecological niches and in pathogenic and symbiotic host interaction. Chemotactic stimuli are sensed by chemoreceptors or ethyl-accepting hemotaxis roteins (MCPs), which direct the swimming behavior of the bacterial cell. In this study, we present evidence that the cellular abundance of chemoreceptors in the plant symbiont can be altered by the addition of several to as few as one amino acid residues and by including common epitope tags such as 3×FLAG and 6×His at their C termini.