Paromomycin Reduces Infection in Honey Bees but Perturbs Microbiome Levels and Midgut Cell Function.

Paromomycin is a naturally occurring aminoglycoside antibiotic that has effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. However, previous reports have indicated that it has little effect on microsporidia, including , in cell culture models. is one of a number of microsporidia species that cause disease in honey bees and substantial efforts to find new treatment strategies for bees that are infected with these pathogens are ongoing.

Proteasome Inhibition Is an Effective Treatment Strategy for Microsporidia Infection in Honey Bees.

The microsporidia is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes honey bee mortality and contributes to colony collapse. Fumagillin is presently the only pharmacological control for infections in honey bees. Resistance is already emerging, and alternative controls are critically needed.