Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

BACKGROUNDWhile B cell depletion is associated with attenuated antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, responses vary among individuals. Thus, elucidating the factors that affect immune responses after repeated vaccination is an important clinical need.METHODSWe evaluated the quality and magnitude of the T cell, B cell, antibody, and cytokine responses to a third dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccine in patients with B cell depletion.

Supportive people evoke positive affect, but do not reduce negative affect, while supportive groups result from favorable dyadic, not group effects.

Background And Objectives: We addressed understudied questions in social support. Do providers, who recipients agree are more supportive than others (i.e.

When Forecasting Mutually Supportive Matches Will Be Practically Impossible.

Forecasting which dyads will develop mutually supportive relationships is an important applied and basic research question. Applying psychometric theory to the design of forecasting studies shows that agreement between dyad members about their relationship (relational reciprocity) sets an upper limit for forecasting accuracy by determining the reliability of measurement. To test this, we estimated relational reciprocity in Study 1.

-Methylation of Self-Immolative Thiocarbamates Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Carbonyl Sulfide Release.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important biomolecule, and self-immolative thiocarbamates have shown great promise as triggerable HS donors with suitable analogous control compounds; however, thiocarbamates with electron-deficient payloads are less efficient HS donors. We report here the synthesis and study of a series of -methylated esterase-triggered thiocarbamates that block the postulated unproductive deprotonation-based pathway for these compounds. The relative reaction profiles for HS release across a series of electron-rich and electron-poor N-Me aniline payloads are examined experimentally and computationally.

Release of electrolytes from W/O/W double emulsions stabilized by a soluble complex of modified pectin and whey protein isolate.

W/O/W double emulsions (DEs) stabilized by charged soluble complexes of whey protein isolate (WPI) and modified pectins were investigated in relation to their stability and the release of two types of electrolytes, NaCl and sodium ascorbate. WPI alone cannot properly stabilize the DEs. The droplet size is relatively large (100 microm) and increases with time.

Double emulsions stabilized by a charged complex of modified pectin and whey protein isolate.

Double emulsions based on naturally occurring stabilizers for food applications were studied. Two charged biopolymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and enzymatic modified pectins, interacted in aqueous solution to form a charge-charge complex that was utilized as a hydrophilic polymeric steric stabilizer improving the double emulsion stability. The main factors that influence the interaction between protein and pectin were investigated in relation to double emulsion stability: creaming, coalescence, and water transport between aqueous phases.

On the confocal images and the rheology of whey protein isolated and modified pectins associated complex.

The conditions necessary to form an associated complex between whey protein isolate (WPI) and enzymatically modified pectin in water, at pH values above the isoelectric point of the protein, have been documented. The existence of the complex is not easily verified and its characterization in solution is even more complicated, since the structure is an intermediate entity between the non-interacting, incompatible aqueous soluble mixture of the biopolymers, and a strongly interacting coacervated precipitating complex. Evidence for the formation of this associated complex is provided from confocal laser scanning microscope images and rheological behavior of the aqueous mixtures.

Nano-sized self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants as solubilization reservoirs and microreactors for food systems.

In recent studies we have found unique mixtures of food-grade oils, two or more food-grade nonionic hydrophilic emulsifiers, cosolvent (polyol), and coemulsifiers that self-assemble to form mixed reverse micelles ("the concentrate") and can be diluted with an aqueous phase, progressively and continuously, without phase separation, and are transformed into bicontinuous structures and finally, upon further dilution, can be inverted into oil-in-water nanodroplets. The "concentrate" is capable of solubilizing nutraceuticals, drugs, antioxidants, and other compounds that are poorly soluble in water or in the oil phase, with 10-20 times more solubility capacity than that of any food-grade oils or water phase. For example, phytosterols were solubilized up to 12 times more than the dissolution capacity of the oil (-(+)-limonene) for the same compounds.