Male infertility: an overview of causes and treatment options.

It is estimated that 3.5 million people in the UK, that is one in every seven couples, have fertility problems. In the past, it was assumed that the cause always lay with the woman.

Diagnosis of perforated enterocystoplasty.

In the operation of enterocystoplasty, now widely practised, segments of bowel are used to augment or replace the urinary bladder. An occasional complication is perforation, and this may present in non-specialist settings. We investigated the management of spontaneous perforations among 264 patients with enterocystoplasty followed by one surgeon for 2-18 years.