Development and early life stress sensitivity of the rat cortical microstructural similarity network.

Unlabelled: The rat offers a uniquely valuable animal model in neuroscience, but we currently lack an individual-level understanding of the in vivo rat brain network. Here, leveraging longitudinal measures of cortical magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) from in vivo neuroimaging between postnatal days 20 (weanling) and 290 (mid-adulthood), we design and implement a computational pipeline that captures the network of structural similarity (MIND, morphometric inverse divergence) between each of 53 distinct cortical areas. We first characterized the normative development of the network in a cohort of rats undergoing typical development (N=47), and then contrasted these findings with a cohort exposed to early life stress (ELS, N=40).

Sickle Trait and Alpha Thalassemia Increase NOS-Dependent Vasodilation of Human Arteries Through Disruption of Endothelial Hemoglobin-eNOS Interactions.

Background: Severe malaria is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation, and reversal of this deficit improves survival in murine models. Malaria might have selected for genetic polymorphisms that increase endothelial NO signaling and now contribute to heterogeneity in vascular function among humans. One protein potentially selected for is alpha globin, which, in mouse models, interacts with endothelial NOS (eNOS) to negatively regulate NO signaling.

Increased brain microvascular hemoglobin concentrations in children with cerebral malaria.

Brain swelling is associated with death from cerebral malaria, but it is unclear whether brain swelling is caused by cerebral edema or vascular congestion-two pathological conditions with distinct effects on tissue hemoglobin concentrations. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to noninvasively study cerebral microvascular hemoglobin concentrations in 46 Malawian children with cerebral malaria. Cerebral malaria was defined by the presence of the malaria parasite on a blood smear, a Blantyre coma score of 2 or less, and retinopathy.

Oral Lisinopril Raises Tissue Levels of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, in Healthy Male and Female Mice.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the established cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, it is unclear whether ACE1 inhibitors (e.g.

Experimental Babesia rossi infection induces hemolytic, metabolic, and viral response pathways in the canine host.

Background: Babesia rossi is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the canine population of sub-Saharan Africa, but pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Previous studies of B. rossi infection were derived from clinical cases, in which neither the onset of infection nor the infectious inoculum was known.

RESPECT: Radiology Employees Striving for Productive and Effective Communication.

Ineffective communication is commonly listed as a root cause of sentinel events and other adverse events in the health care setting. The psychological safety of all employees is considered to be a factor that promotes effective communication. Recently, leaders of a radiology department learned that many of the frontline staff did not feel they were being treated respectfully by radiologists during routine interactions.

Using informatics to engage patients.

As a specialty, radiology has spent much of the last two decades implementing information systems that improve departmental efficiency and the ordering provider's access to information. While our patients have realized benefits such as improved access to care and reduced turnaround times, there has been little focus on using these information systems to improve patient engagement. In the last decade, society has shifted.

High-resolution SOFIA/EXES Spectroscopy of SO Gas in the Massive Young Stellar Object MonR2 IRS3: Implications for the Sulfur Budget.

Sulfur has been observed to be severely depleted in dense clouds leading to uncertainty in the molecules that contain it and the chemistry behind their evolution. Here, we aim to shed light on the sulfur chemistry in young stellar objects (YSOs) by using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of absorption by the rovibrational band of SO obtained with the Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. Using local thermodynamic equilibrium models we derive physical parameters for the SO gas in the massive YSO MonR2 IRS3.

Anatomy of screw dislocations in nanoporous SAPO-18 as revealed by atomic force microscopy.

Defects in solids are often the source of functional activity, the trigger for crystal growth and the seat of instability. Screw dislocations are notoriously difficult to study by electron microscopy. Here we decipher the complex anatomy of one such defect in the industrially important nanoporous catalyst SAPO-18 by atomic force microscopy.

Atomic force microscopy of novel zeolitic materials prepared by top-down synthesis and ADOR mechanism.

Top-down synthesis of 2D materials from a parent 3D zeolite with subsequent post-synthetic modification is an interesting method for synthesis of new materials. Assembly, disassembly, organisation, reassembly (ADOR) processes towards novel materials based on the zeolite UTL are now established. Herein, we present the first study of these materials by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Lipid rafts and caveolin-1 coordinate interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-dependent activation of NFkappaB by controlling endocytosis of Nox2 and IL-1beta receptor 1 from the plasma membrane.

Recent evidence suggests that signaling by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is dependent on reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase. Redox signaling in response to IL-1beta is known to require endocytosis of its cognate receptor (IL-1R1) following ligand binding and the formation of redox-active signaling endosomes that contain Nox2 (also called redoxosomes). The consequent generation of reactive oxygen species by redoxosomes is responsible for the downstream recruitment of IL-1R1 effectors (IRAK, TRAF6, and IkappaB kinase kinases) and ultimately for activation of the transcription factor NFkappaB.

BmeRABC5 is a multidrug efflux system that can confer metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides fragilis.

The RND-family efflux pump gene bmeB5 was previously shown to be overexpressed in metronidazole-resistant laboratory mutants of Bacteroides fragilis. In the present study, we characterized the bmeABC5 genes and an upstream putative TetR-family regulator gene (bmeR5). bmeR5 (645 bp) was located 51 bp upstream of bmeA5 and encoded a 24.

Clinical significance of overexpression of multiple RND-family efflux pumps in Bacteroides fragilis isolates.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine correlation between bmeB efflux pump overexpression and resistance to fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams in Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates (n = 51) and the effects of broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) on the MICs of the test antibiotics.

Methods: Susceptibility to garenoxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cefoxitin and faropenem +/- EPIs (CCCP, MC-207,110, reserpine and verapamil) was determined. Expression of bmeB efflux pumps was measured, topoisomerase genes were sequenced and beta-lactamase production was determined.

Bacteroides fragilis BmeABC efflux systems additively confer intrinsic antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of expression and function(s) of Bacteroides fragilis RND family efflux transport systems (bmeABC1-16).

Methods: The mRNA transcripts of bmeB efflux pump genes were detected in a wild-type strain ADB77 by RT-PCR and expression in different strains was quantified by comparative quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In order to determine independent or additive functions, BmeB 1, 3, 12 and 15 (the first efflux pumps identified) were deleted as singles, doubles, triples or quadruples by the double cross-over technique with pADB242 and antimicrobial susceptibility was assayed by the spiral gradient endpoint technique.

Skin involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis is associated with loss of end row nailfold capillary loops.

Objective: To determine associations of dermatological findings in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) with specific nailfold capillary (NFC) structural abnormalities.

Methods: Sixty newly diagnosed, previously untreated children who met the Bohan-Peter criteria for definite JDM were seen between 1993 and 2002. They were classified by duration of untreated disease and by a disease activity score (DAS) composed of separate subscores for dermatological (DAS skin) and musculoskeletal (DAS muscle) findings.