Usefulness of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Older adults with type 1 diabetes are at high risk for cognitive impairment, yet the usefulness of common cognitive screening instruments has not been evaluated in this population.

Methods: A total of 201 adults ≥60 years of age with type 1 diabetes completed a battery of neuropsychological measures and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Youden indices were used to evaluate overall screening test performance and to select an optimal MoCA cutoff score for detecting low cognitive performance, as defined as two or more neuropsychological test performances ≥1.

Bilobed gallbladder discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a tale of two lobes and one duct.

Bilobed gallbladder (BG) is a rare congenital anomaly with just 24 cases documented in medical literature in the past 127 years. There are only three documented cases of BG's managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and in all three cases the bilobed anomaly was discovered preoperatively. We present a case of symptomatic cholelithiasis in a BG that was discovered intraoperatively.