Pregnenolone 16-Alpha Carbonitrile, an Agonist of Rodent Pregnane X Receptor, Regulates Testosterone Biosynthesis in Rodent Leydig Cells.

Leydig cells (LCs) in the testes produce the male sex hormone testosterone (T). Several xenobiotics, including clinical drugs, supplements, and environmental chemicals, are known to disrupt T homeostasis. Notably, some of these xenobiotics are known to activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor.

Deuterated reagents in multicomponent reactions to afford deuterium-labeled products.

The utility of bio-isosteres is broad in drug discovery and methodology herein enables the preparation of deuterium-labeled products is the most fundamental of known bio-isosteric replacements. As such we report the use of both [D]-aldehydes and [D]-isonitriles across 8 multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to give diverse arrays of deuterated products. A highlight is the synthesis of several FDA-approved calcium channel blockers, selectively deuterated at a limiting metabolic soft-spot via use of [D]-aldehydes.

A hot-Jupiter progenitor on a super-eccentric retrograde orbit.

Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations. These 'hot Jupiter' planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization. The discovery of the extremely eccentric (e = 0.

Moving together: Increasing physical activity in older adults with an intergenerational technology-based intervention. A feasibility study.

Robust evidence supports the role of physical activity and exercise in increasing longevity, decreasing morbidity and helping older adults maintain the highest quality of life attainable. However, the majority of older adults are not sufficiently physically active and interventions are needed to change their behaviors. Familial or intergenerational contact has been positively linked to health and well-being in older adults.

A cross-sectional study observing the association of psychosocial stress and dietary intake with gut microbiota genera and alpha diversity among a young adult cohort of black and white women in Birmingham, Alabama.

Background: The relationships between psychosocial stress and diet with gut microbiota composition and diversity deserve ongoing investigation. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of psychosocial stress measures and dietary variables with gut microbiota genera abundance and alpha diversity among young adult, black and white females. The secondary aim was to explore mediators of psychosocial stress and gut microbiota diversity and abundance.

Looking Beyond the Growth Curve: A Retrospective Study on Nutrient Deficient Diets in Children with Severe Food Selectivity.

Severe food selectivity places children at risk for nutrient deficiencies and long-term medical complications, if unaddressed. However, poor nutrition in highly selective eaters is often overlooked when considering other behavioral or medical concerns. Additionally, studies regarding food selectivity are sparse and limited to children with developmental delays.

Reducing fear and avoidance of memory loss improves mood and social engagement in community-based older adults: a randomized trial.

Background: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are among the most feared age-related conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate a brief psychological intervention to promote adaptive coping in older adults experiencing heightened fear of ADRD and investigate positive downstream effects on health-related secondary outcomes, including frequency of reported memory failures, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life.

Methods: Eighty-one older adults were recruited and randomized into REFRAME or active control intervention arms.

A cross-sectional study observing the association of psychosocial stress and dietary intake with gut microbiota genera and alpha diversity among a young adult cohort of black and white women in Birmingham, Alabama.

Background: The relationships between psychosocial stress and diet with gut microbiota composition and diversity deserve ongoing investigation. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of psychosocial stress measures and dietary variables with gut microbiota genera abundance and alpha diversity among young adult, black and white females. The secondary aim was to explore mediators of psychosocial stress and gut microbiota diversity and abundance.

Battling the unknown: Using composite vignettes to portray lived experiences of COVID-19 and long-COVID.

Understanding the day-to-day lived experiences of individuals who have had or are still recovering from Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), whilst a complex challenge, presents the opportunity to listen and learn. Composite vignettes provide a novel approach to explore and present descriptive portrayals of the most commonly derived experiences and recovery journeys. The thematic analysis of 47 shared accounts (semi-structured interviews with adults aged ≥18 years; 40 females; 6-11 months post-COVID-19 infection) produced a series of four intricate character stories written through the lens of a single individual.

3D-Printing Physical Activity in Youth: An Autotopographical Approach to Behaviour Change.

The conceptualisation and visualisation of physical activity through 3D-printed objects offers a unique means by which to elicit positive behaviour change. This study aimed to explore whether 3D-printed models of physical activity obtain autotopographical meaning in youths and the influence of such models on their sense of personal and social identity. Following participation in a seven-week faded intervention, whereby habitual physical activity was measured and used to create individual 3D models, the views of 61 participants (36 boys; 10.

A transdiagnostic meta-analysis of acute augmentations to psychological therapy.

At least half of all patients with mental health disorders do not respond adequately to psychological therapy. Acutely enhancing particular biological or psychological processes during psychological therapy may improve treatment outcomes. However, previous studies are confined to specific augmentation approaches, typically assessed within single diagnostic categories.

Mixed-Methods Systematic Review to Identify Facilitators and Barriers for Parents/Carers to Engage Pre-School Children in Community-Based Opportunities to Be Physically Active.

Low physical activity levels in young children is a major concern. For children aged 0-5 years, engagement with opportunities to be physically active are often driven by the adults responsible for the child's care. This systematic review explores the barriers and facilitators to parents/caregivers engaging pre-school children in community-based opportunities for physical activity, within real-world settings, or as part of an intervention study.

Dietary inflammation score is associated with perceived stress, depression, and cardiometabolic health risk factors among a young adult cohort of women.

Background And Aims: One of the most pressing issues in the field of cardiometabolic disease is the growing co-occurrence of poor mental health. A whole foods-based, hypothesis-driven dietary inflammation score (DIS) was created to better understand the association between dietary patterns, inflammation, and physiological health. However, this diet quality scoring method has not been observed in young adults, nor has its association with mental health been observed.

Pharmacist authors of emergency medicine organization work products pertaining to pharmacotherapy.

Purpose: Despite the expertise that emergency medicine (EM) pharmacists bring to multidisciplinary teams in the emergency department (ED) setting, they are not commonly present on writing groups for guidelines, policies, or task forces pertaining to EM pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this article is to quantify EM pharmacist involvement on author bylines of guidelines, position statements, and other official documents that specifically encompass EM pharmacotherapy.

Methods: Official work products released between January 1, 2010, and May 1, 2021, were collected from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), and American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM) and the table of contents of the following journals: Annals of Emergency Medicine, Academic Emergency Medicine, and Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Body fat percentage assessment using skinfold thickness agrees with measures obtained by DXA scan in African American and Caucasian American women.

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered to have high accuracy in estimating fat mass; however, DXA is not always available. We hypothesized that the equations most commonly used for predicting body fat percentage (BF%) using skinfold thickness agree with direct measures of BF% obtained by DXA scan in African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) women. Data from 42 women from Alabama who were 21 to 45 years of age, who self-identify as AA (n = 20) or CA (n = 22) were included.

Protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating an intervention to boost decentering in response to distressing mental experiences during adolescence: the decentering in adolescence study (DECADES).

Introduction: Decentering describes the ability to voluntarily adopt an objective self-perspective from which to notice internal, typically distressing, stressors (eg, difficult thoughts, memories and feelings). The reinforcement of this skill may be an active ingredient through which different psychological interventions accrue reductions in anxiety and/or depression. However, it is unclear if decentering can be selectively trained at a young age and if this might reduce psychological distress.

Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents-An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions have negatively impacted physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour. This integrative review systematically explored the socioecological factors that impacted and influenced these movement behaviours in children and adolescents during the pandemic. Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021, with data extracted from 16 articles ( = 18,352; 5-17 years; 12 countries).

Oral Aversion in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Neonates undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for oral aversion (OA). OA is not well described outside of the index hospitalization and impacts patients and families. We evaluated the prevalence of OA at 1 year old after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sedentary Time and Behaviour in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the change in sedentary time during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on health outcomes in the general population. One thousand six hundred and one articles published after 2019 were retrieved from five databases, of which 64 and 40 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Studies were grouped according to population: children (<18 years), adults (18-64 years) and older adults (>65 years).

Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19-An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach.

Population-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour estimates represent a significant public health issue exacerbated by restrictions enforced to control COVID-19. This integrative review interrogated available literature to explore the pandemic's impact on correlates of such behaviours in adults (≥18 years). Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Psychological Intervention for Fear of Memory Loss and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Protocol for the Reducing Fear and Avoidance of Memory Loss (REFRAME) Study.

Background: Dementia is the most feared disease associated with aging. Prolonged fears about memory loss and dementia can have harmful consequences even in the absence of cognitive decline. Fear of dementia is associated with poorer health outcomes and psychological well-being and increased memory failures in older adults.