Measuring stigma affecting sex workers (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM): A systematic review.

Background: Stigma involves discrediting a person or group based on a perceived attribute, behaviour or reputation associated with them. Sex workers (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are key populations who are often at increased risk for the acquisition and transmission of HIV and who are affected by stigma that can negatively impact their health and well-being. Although stigma was included as an indicator in the US National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan and there have been consultations focused on adding a stigma indicator within PEPFAR and the Global Fund in relation to potentiating HIV risks among key populations, there remains limited consensus on the appropriate measurement of SW- or MSM-associated stigma.

The Closing the Gap Initiative - successes and ongoing challenges for divisions of general practice.

Background: This article presents an evaluation of the activities undertaken by divisions of general practice to improve Indigenous Australians' access to mainstream primary care.

Methods: Data were obtained from 12 month reports for the 2009-10 reporting period. Data from 86 divisions were thematically analysed using NVivo 9 software.