Neutral drift upon threshold-like selection promotes variation in antibiotic resistance phenotype.

Heritable phenotypic variation plays a central role in evolution by conferring rapid adaptive capacity to populations. Mechanisms that can explain genetic diversity by describing connections between genotype and organismal fitness have been described. However, the difficulty of acquiring comprehensive data on genotype-phenotype-environment relationships has hindered the efforts to explain how the ubiquitously observed phenotypic variation in populations emerges and is maintained.

Depression-related phenotypes at early stages of Aβ and tau accumulation in inducible Alzheimer's disease mouse model: Task-oriented and concept-driven interpretations.

Depression is highly prevalent in Alzheimer Disease (AD); however, there is paucity of studies that focus specifically on the assessment of depression-relevant phenotypes in AD mouse models. Conditional doxycycline-dependent transgenic mouse models reproducing amyloidosis (TetOffAPPsi) and/or tau (TetOffTauP301L) pathology starting at middle age (6 months) were used in this study. As AD patients can experience depressive symptoms relatively early in disease, testing was conducted at early, pre-pathology stages of Aβ and/or tau accumulation (starting from 45 days of transgenes expression).

A miniature fluorescence microscope for multi-plane imaging.

Miniature fluorescence microscopes are becoming an increasingly established tool to investigate neural circuits in freely moving animals. In this work we present a lightweight one-photon microscope capable of imaging at different focal depths. The focal plane can be changed dynamically by modulating the pulse width of the control signal to a variable focus liquid lens, which is synchronized to the image sensor to enable changing focal plane between frames.

Dysbindin-1, BDNF, and GABAergic Transmission in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, anhedonia, disordered thinking, and cognitive impairments. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to schizophrenia. Dysbindin-1 () and brain-derived neurotrophic factor () are both genetic factors associated with schizophrenia.