Inter-rater reliability for measurement of passive physiological movements in lower extremity joints is generally low: a systematic review.

Question: What is the inter-rater reliability for measurements of passive physiological or accessory movements in lower extremity joints?

Design: Systematic review of studies of inter-rater reliability.

Participants: Individuals with and without lower extremity disorders.

Outcome Measures: Range of motion and end-feel using methods feasible in daily practice.

Inter-rater reliability for measurement of passive physiological range of motion of upper extremity joints is better if instruments are used: a systematic review.

Question: What is the inter-rater reliability for measurements of passive physiological or accessory movements in upper extremity joints?

Design: Systematic review of studies of inter-rater reliability.

Participants: Individuals with and without upper extremity disorders.

Outcome Measures: Range of motion and end-feel using methods feasible in clinical practice.