High-frequency spinal cord stimulation in treatment of phantom lower limb pain following spinal cord injury: A case report.

Introduction: Pain management in patients with complete spinal cord injury is complex.

Case Report: We report a successful case of managing neuropathic, phantom limb, and back pain below the level of spinal cord injury (T5 American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] A) using a 10 kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulator (SCS) over a 6-month follow-up period.

Conclusion: The effectiveness of this approach may be attributed to its ability to modulate supraspinal pain processing, allowing for targeted relief of various pain mechanisms below the level of injury.

Recruitment of discrete regions of the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles is changed in specific sitting postures in individuals with recurrent low back pain.

Study Design: Cross-sectional controlled laboratory study.

Objectives: To investigate potential changes in the function of discrete regions of the psoas major (PM) and quadratus lumborum (QL) with changes in spinal curvatures and hip positions in sitting, in people with recurrent low back pain (LBP).

Background: Although the PM and QL contribute to control of spinal curvature in sitting, whether activity of these muscles is changed in individuals with LBP is unknown.

Changes in direction-specific activity of psoas major and quadratus lumborum in people with recurring back pain differ between muscle regions and patient groups.

Psoas major (PM) and quadratus lumborum (QL) muscles have anatomically discrete regions. Redistribution of activity between these regions has been observed in people with low back pain (LBP). We hypothesised that the bias of activity of specific regions of PM and QL towards trunk extension may change depending on whether LBP individuals have more or less erector spinae (ES) activity in an extended/upright lumbar posture.

Changes in regional activity of the psoas major and quadratus lumborum with voluntary trunk and hip tasks and different spinal curvatures in sitting.

Study Design: Cross-sectional controlled laboratory study.

Objectives: To investigate the function of discrete regions of psoas major (PM) and quadratus lumborum (QL) with changes in spinal curvature and hip position.

Background: Anatomically discrete regions of PM and QL may have differential function on the lumbar spine, based on anatomical and biomechanical differences in their moment arms between fascicles within each muscle.

Differential activity of regions of the psoas major and quadratus lumborum during submaximal isometric trunk efforts.

Controversy exists regarding the function of psoas major (PM) and quadratus lumborum (QL) at the lumbar spine. The functions of discrete regions of PM and QL were studied during trunk loading tasks. Twelve healthy participants performed isometric trunk loading tasks in various directions in upright sitting.