Nascent chains derived from a foldable protein sequence interact with specific ribosomal surface sites near the exit tunnel.

In order to become bioactive, proteins must be translated and protected from aggregation during biosynthesis. The ribosome and molecular chaperones play a key role in this process. Ribosome-bound nascent chains (RNCs) of intrinsically disordered proteins and RNCs bearing a signal/arrest sequence are known to interact with ribosomal proteins.

Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions at Birth: Single-Particle Cryo-EM Analysis of a Ribosome-Nascent Globin Complex.

Interactions between ribosome-bound nascent chains (RNCs) and ribosomal components are critical to elucidate the mechanism of cotranslational protein folding. Nascent protein-ribosome contacts within the ribosomal exit tunnel were previously assessed mostly in the presence of C-terminal stalling sequences, yet little is known about contacts taking place in the absence of these strongly interacting motifs. Further, there is nearly no information about ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) interacting with nascent chains within the outer surface of the ribosome.

Is the answer to reducing early childhood caries in your pocket?

Data Sources: Electronic scientific databases Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science were systematically searched and restricted to articles published from 1996 onwards and limited to articles published in English. This was carried out following an initial scoping search using keywords conducted in PubMed.

Study Selection: Original studies investigating the use of mobile phone applications as a delivery method of healthcare interventions to parents and caregivers with children ≤6 years of age were included.

Distribution and solvent exposure of Hsp70 chaperone binding sites across the Escherichia coli proteome.

Many proteins must interact with molecular chaperones to achieve their native state in the cell. Yet, how chaperone binding-site characteristics affect the folding process is poorly understood. The ubiquitous Hsp70 chaperone system prevents client-protein aggregation by holding unfolded conformations and by unfolding misfolded states.

Fluorescence Anisotropy Decays and Microscale-Volume Viscometry Reveal the Compaction of Ribosome-Bound Nascent Proteins.

This work introduces a technology that combines fluorescence anisotropy decay with microscale-volume viscometry to investigate the compaction and dynamics of ribosome-bound nascent proteins. Protein folding in the cell, especially when nascent chains emerge from the ribosomal tunnel, is poorly understood. Previous investigations based on fluorescence anisotropy decay determined that a portion of the ribosome-bound nascent protein apomyoglobin (apoMb) forms a compact structure.

Remembering cultural experiences: lifespan distributions, richness and content of autobiographical memories of museum visits.

Little is known about our autobiographical memories for cultural events. This represents an opportunity for cultural institutions such as museums, as examination of visitor memories is one way in which they can seek to understand the long-term impact they may have on their visitors. This research applied a coding model developed from autobiographical memory theory to analysis of participants' memories for museum visits, considering the distribution of memories across the life span, types of memories and content.

Multicentre study of physical abuse and limb fractures in young children in the East Anglia Region, UK.

Objective: To determine if the detection of physical abuse in young children with fractures is of uniform high standard in the East Anglia Region of the UK, and whether we can identify areas for improvement in our detection of high-risk groups.

Design: Multicentre retrospective 4-year study.

Setting: 7 hospitals across the East Anglia Region of Britain (East Anglia Paediatric Physical Abuse and Fractures study).

Building flux capacity: Citizen scientists increase resolution of soil greenhouse gas fluxes.

Though citizen science programs have been broadly successful in diverse scientific fields, their adoption has lagged in some disciplines, including soil science and ecosystem ecology. Collaborations with citizen scientists may be viewed as a conundrum in these disciplines, which often require substantial labor and technical experience; citizen scientists could improve sampling capacity but may reduce sample quality or require training and oversight prior to and while performing specialized tasks. To demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating citizen scientists into soil biogeochemistry research, we conducted a proof-of-concept study in high-elevation meadows of the Sierra Nevada in California.

Barcoding in trypanosomes.

Trypanosomes (genus Trypanosoma) are parasites of humans, and wild and domestic mammals, in which they cause several economically and socially important diseases, including sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in the Americas. Despite the development of numerous molecular diagnostics and increasing awareness of the importance of these neglected parasites, there is currently no universal genetic barcoding marker available for trypanosomes. In this review we provide an overview of the methods used for trypanosome detection and identification, discuss the potential application of different barcoding techniques and examine the requirements of the 'ideal' trypanosome genetic barcode.

Microarchitecture of the tsetse fly proboscis.

Background: Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) are large blood-sucking dipteran flies that are important as vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse anatomy has been well described, including detailed accounts of the functional anatomy of the proboscis for piercing host skin and sucking up blood. The proboscis also serves as the developmental site for the infective metacyclic stages of several species of pathogenic livestock trypanosomes that are inoculated into the host with fly saliva.

Rediscovery of Trypanosoma (Pycnomonas) suis, a tsetse-transmitted trypanosome closely related to T. brucei.

The African tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes are considered to be a well-known group of parasitic protozoa, but in 2008 a novel and distinctive trypanosome related to Trypanosoma brucei was discovered among tsetse isolates from Msubugwe in Tanzania. The host range, distribution and potential pathogenicity of this new trypanosome remain to be elucidated; such studies would be facilitated by a sensitive and specific identification method. Here, we identified two highly repetitive elements in the genome of the new trypanosome: a 177 bp repeat, which was located predominantly on the highly abundant minichromosomes, and a 138 bp repeat, which was widely dispersed in the genome.

Active haemorrhage of a renal allograft detected on portable ultrasound.

Function of a renal allograft relies on the integrity of its vascular anatomy. Renal biochemistry, ultrasound and percutaneous biopsy are used in combination to determine allograft function. Biopsy is not without risk, and in this case study we demonstrate a rare but a potentially life-threatening complication of renal allograft biopsy.

Perceived calorie intake and state body-image satisfaction in women attempting weight loss: a preliminary investigation.

State body-image satisfaction levels (BIS) can be predicted by appearance concerns, eating attitudes and body mass index (BMI). Determinants of state BIS and its variability were examined in women attempting weight loss. Little is known about contextual cues that influence state BIS; therefore the effect of eating on BIS was examined.